分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Nichols.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 306 m (Ref. 58489), usually 10 - 70 m. 熱帶; 2°N - 51°S, 106°E - 79°W (Ref. 54929)
South Pacific and Southwestern Atlantic: Eastern Central and South Pacific: off Peru and Chile (Ref. 27363), incl. incidental in Juan Fernández Is. (Ref. 89357). Reported from off Ecuador (Ref. 9283). Southwest Pacific: off New Zealand (Ref. 5755). Southwestern Atlantic: off southern Argentina (Ref. 27363)
東南太平洋: 外海的祕魯與智利.(參考文獻 27363) 記錄來自厄瓜多了。 (參考文獻 9283) 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755) 西南大西洋: 阿根廷南部(參考文獻 27363, p。 209)。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 40.5, range 39 - 42 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9283); common length : 45.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9283); 最大年龄: 16 年 (Ref. 26956)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 31 - 35; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 27 - 29. Body elongated and little compressed; teeth small and uniseriate; lower branch of first gill arch with 42 to 45 gill rakers; edge of shoulders girdle (cleithrum) with a small furrow at its upper end but lacking papillae; lateral line completely scaled, the scales becoming large scutes posteriorly; scutes in the area of the median curve 1.1 to 1.6 times the diameter of the eye; nape and back metallic blue or dark gray; flanks and belly pale; dorsal edge of operculum with a black stain (Ref. 55763). Body elongate and slightly compressed. Body dark blue dorsally, silvery-white ventrally. Black spot on upper posterior margin of opercle. Fins dusky (Ref. 37339). Pectoral fin falcate and very long (Ref. 27363).
身体延长与小的扁长形的; 齿小的与 uniseriate; 低分支第一个鳃弓有 42 到 45个鳃耙; 肩肢带骨 (匙骨) 的边缘在它的上端具有一个小的沟但是缺乏乳突; 侧线鳞片覆盖完整, 鳞片在后部地变成大的鳞甲; 在中央弯曲的区域中的鳞甲 1.1 到 1.6 倍于眼的直径; 后颈与背面铁蓝色或深灰色; 侧面与腹面灰白的; 背缘鳃盖有一个黑色的污染.(参考文献 55763) 细长的身体与些微扁长形。 身体深蓝色背面, 腹面银白色的。 在鳃盖的上面后缘上的黑色的斑点。 鳍暗色的.(参考文献 37339) 胸鰭鐮刀狀與非常長的.(參考文獻 27363)
Adults are found in the shore and open oceanic waters, in schools. They feed mainly on fish larvae and small crustaceans. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9283). Utilized canned for human consumption and also made into fishmeal (Ref. 9988). The species is often found in Juan Fernández Is. as an incidental catch of Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) fisheries (Ref. 89357).
发现于海岸与开放的大洋性水域了。 形成鱼群。 主要吃仔鱼与小型甲壳动物。 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 9283) 利用了罐装供人类消费以及制成了鱼粉。 (参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
東南太平洋: 外海的祕魯與智利.(參考文獻 27363) 記錄來自厄瓜多了。 (參考文獻 9283) 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755) 西南大西洋: 阿根廷南部(參考文獻 27363, p。 209)。
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.1 - 22.6, mean 16.5 °C (based on 352 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00749 - 0.01931), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.09-0.11; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.77, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 183 [110, 285] mg/100g; Iron = 3.54 [2.21, 5.69] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.282 [0.185, 0.424] g/100g; Selenium = 26.8 [16.4, 42.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.8 [3.8, 77.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.08 [1.59, 2.88] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
