Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 15 - 100 m (Ref. 30573). Tropical; 30°N - 21°S, 36°E - 178°W
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Ref. 2871, 5213, 30573) to Southeast Asia, north to Japan, south to Queensland, Australia. Reported from Fiji (Ref. 12743).
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm 15.0  range ? - 19.2 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2872); common length : 30.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2872)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 8 - 9; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 20 - 22; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 25 - 28. Silvery grey with blue iridescence dorsally, silvery white ventrally; upper part of gill cover with a dusky black spot; fins pale yellow. Mouth large and oblique.
Found in coastal waters down to a depth of about 100 m (Ref. 30573) and between 15-90 m in western Indonesia (Ref. 12260). Feeds on sand-dwelling animals (Ref. 5213). Marketed fresh and dried salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 28.6, mean 27.6 °C (based on 746 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00921 - 0.01802), b=2.94 (2.85 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ສູງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງໜ້ອຍກວ່າ 15 ເດືອນ (K=0.6).
Prior r = 0.75, 95% CL = 0.49 - 1.12, Based on 5 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 157 [98, 292] mg/100g; Iron = 1.74 [1.04, 2.72] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [18.2, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.314 [0.186, 0.547] g/100g; Selenium = 50.3 [25.4, 103.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.9 [7.9, 57.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.2 [0.9, 1.7] mg/100g (wet weight);