分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - ? m (Ref. 40849), usually 0 - 15 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 20°S - 35°S
Western Atlantic: Southern Florida, (USA), Bahamas, Antilles, and coast of South America (Ref. 26938), from Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 3815).
西大西洋: 佛羅里達南部,(美國), 南美洲 (參考文獻 26938) 的巴哈馬，安地列斯群島與海岸, 從巴西到阿根廷.(參考文獻 3815)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 20.3, range 20 - 23.1 cm
Max length : 37.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 57473); 最大体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. )
背棘 (总数) : 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 14. Large, black, saddle-shaped blotch on upper caudal peduncle (Ref. 26938). Silvery, about nine faint narrow dark bars may be visible on upper two-thirds of body (Ref. 13442).
在上尾部的梗上的大的，黑色的，和鞍状的斑块.(参考文献 26938) 银色的, 大约九条模糊的狭窄深色的横带可能是看得见的在身体的上面三分之二上.(参考文献 13442)
Occur in clean turbulent waters along open rocky coasts, usually in surf areas (Ref. 7251). Juveniles are frequently found in littoral pools between rocks (Ref. 9626). Individuals up to 10 cm are caught in shallow waters, often in sandy shores or in seagrass (Thalassia) beds (Ref. 9626). Maximum weight of 2500 g based on confirmed reports from Uruguay (L.A. Pereira, pers. comm., 6/12/01).
沿着开放的岩石海岸出现在干净的狂暴水域, 通常在海浪区域.(参考文献 7251) 稚鱼是发现于时常的在岩石之间的海滨水池。 (参考文献 9626) 个体向上到 10 公分被在浅水域捕获, 常见于沙的海岸中或在海草 ( Thalassia) 床.(参考文献 9626) 2500 g 的最大重量以来自乌拉圭的被确认的报告为依据 (洛杉矶佩雷拉， pers. comm。, 6/12/01).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 佛羅里達南部,(美國), 南美洲 (參考文獻 26938) 的巴哈馬，安地列斯群島與海岸, 從巴西到阿根廷.(參考文獻 3815)
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 25.8, mean 23.4 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00574 - 0.02638), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.1 [14.0, 57.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.607 [0.319, 1.135] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.1, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.116, 0.427] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [7.5, 29.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.4 [14.4, 155.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.867 [0.571, 1.303] mg/100g (wet weight);
