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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 9316), usually ? - 229 m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 51°N - 15°N, 130°W - 77°W (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Pacific: northern Vancouver Island, Canada to northern part of the Gulf of California. A record from the Gulf of Alaska is doubtful.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 37.0, range 34 - 40 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 127973); 105.0 cm TL (female); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 1371); peso máx. publicado: 4.2 kg (Ref. 127973); peso máx. publicado: 4.2 kg; idade máx. registrada: 16 anos (Ref. 56527)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 1; Raios dorsais (total) : 48 - 56; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 40 - 43. Head rather short. Pectoral fin tips usually reaching to or beyond the origin of anal fin. Caudal fin always concave. Color silvery on back grading to whitish ventrally.
Inhabit oceanic and coastal areas, but mainly on the continental shelf (Ref. 1371). Although often classified as demersal, the distribution and behavior suggest a largely pelagic existence (Ref. 1371). Adults live in large schools in waters overlying the continental shelf and slope except during the spawning season when they are found several hundred miles seaward (Ref. 1371). A nocturnal feeder (Ref. 6885) that feed on a variety of fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 1371). Important prey for sea lions and small cetaceans (Ref. 2850); also prey of dogfish (Ref. 11384).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: altamente comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 12.6, mean 8.6 °C (based on 23 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00381 - 0.00548), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tmax=17; tm=4; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717)).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.79, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.2 [5.9, 23.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.258 [0.108, 0.535] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.0, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.307 [0.183, 0.505] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [9.0, 51.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.2 [5.7, 53.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.357 [0.261, 0.491] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
