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> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 9316), usually ? - 229 m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 51°N - 15°N, 130°W - 77°W (Ref. 58452)

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Eastern Pacific: northern Vancouver Island, Canada to northern part of the Gulf of California. A record from the Gulf of Alaska is doubtful.

Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: L_m 37.0, range 34 - 40 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 127973); 105.0 cm TL (female); common length : 60.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 1371); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 4.2 kg (Ref. 127973); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 4.2 kg; ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 16 ປີ (Ref. 56527)

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 1; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 48 - 56; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 40 - 43. Head rather short. Pectoral fin tips usually reaching to or beyond the origin of anal fin. Caudal fin always concave. Color silvery on back grading to whitish ventrally.

Inhabit oceanic and coastal areas, but mainly on the continental shelf (Ref. 1371). Although often classified as demersal, the distribution and behavior suggest a largely pelagic existence (Ref. 1371). Adults live in large schools in waters overlying the continental shelf and slope except during the spawning season when they are found several hundred miles seaward (Ref. 1371). A nocturnal feeder (Ref. 6885) that feed on a variety of fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 1371). Important prey for sea lions and small cetaceans (Ref. 2850); also prey of dogfish (Ref. 11384).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 May 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ມີການຄ້າສູງ

FAO - ການປະມົງ: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | ທະເລອ້ອມຂ້າງພວກເຮົາ

ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Trophic ecology
ລາຍການອາຫານ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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Ecology
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
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Anatomy
Gill areas
ສະໝອງ
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
ປະເພດການລອຍ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
ສຽງຂອງປາ
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
ກຳມະພັນ
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Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Taxonomy
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References
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Summary page | ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນ | ຊື່ສາມັນ | Photos

ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7 - 12.6, mean 8.6 °C (based on 23 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00381 - 0.00548), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (tmax=17; tm=4; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).

Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.79, Based on 4 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 10.2 [5.9, 23.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.258 [0.108, 0.535] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.0, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.307 [0.183, 0.505] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [9.0, 51.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.2 [5.7, 53.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.357 [0.261, 0.491] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855)