Issue
A different species/subspecies is recognized on the Peruvian coasts Merluccius peruanus Ginsburg, 1954, that is recognized in FishBase as a provisionally valid species. More studies are needed to clearly differentiate it (March 2021).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক ব্যথিডিমারসাল সমুদ্র তলদেশবিহারী; মহাসাগরে বিচরনক্ষম; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 50 - 500 m (Ref. 1371). Deep-water; 5°S - 46°S, 81°W - 69°E (Ref. 54583)
Southeast Pacific: off the coast of Chile from Arica to Chiloé Island.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 32 - ? cm
Max length : 87.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 1371); common length : 50.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 1371)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 1; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 45 - 54; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 0; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 36 - 42; কশেরুকা : 49 - 53. Caudal fin margin usually concave. Color is silvery on back, silvery whitish on belly. M. gayi gayi and M. gayi peruanus differ by the total number of vertebrae, total number of gill rakers and relative length of head (Ref. 1371).
Occurs from the shallow continental shelf to the upper continental slope (Ref. 1371). Sometimes found off the bottom or in midwater (Ref. 1371). Migrates vertically to midwater at night to feed on fishes, squids and euphausiids (Ref. 27363). Moves to southern coastal areas in summer and migrates to northern deeper waters (200-500 m depth) in winter and spring (Ref. 27363). Spawning occurs at the end of the winter and during the southern spring (Ref. 58452). Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 1371) and eaten steamed, fried, boiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988). Also utilized as fishmeal (Ref. 1371).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | প্রজনন | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | শুককীট
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: অত্যন্ত বাণিজ্যিক
হাতিয়ার
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.3 - 14, mean 10.9 °C (based on 38 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00630 - 0.03168), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (K=0.1-0.2; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.76 [3.94, 31.98] mg/100g; Iron = 0.342 [0.068, 0.925] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.3, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.103, 0.404] g/100g; Selenium = 22 [10, 49] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [2.5, 54.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.223 [0.154, 0.356] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
