Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 0 - 300 m (Ref. 9269), usually 0 - 95 m (Ref. 9269). Subtropical; 34°N - 15°S
Eastern Pacific: Santa Catalina Island, southern California, USA to Peru.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 3; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 12 - 14; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8 - 9; فقرات: 19. Branchiostegal rays: 6 (Ref. 36491).
Adults inhabit rocky areas, including the intertidal zone. Found on sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9269). Young individuals feed heavily on crustaceans but as they grow bigger, they consume more and more fish, sometimes catching and eating fishes their own size (Ref. 4930).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.7 - 28.8, mean 23.3 °C (based on 270 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01029 - 0.06725), b=2.96 (2.73 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).