分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 366 m (Ref. 2850). 亞熱帶的; 58°N - 28°N, 136°W - 112°W
Eastern Pacific: Sitka, Alaska to Magdalena Bay, southern Baja California, Mexico. Records from areas south of Baja California and in the Gulf of California are in error. Two populations exist, one from Oregon northward and the other from San Francisco southward (Ref. 2850).
東太平洋: Sitka ，阿拉斯加到馬格德拉灣，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部。 下加利福尼亞來自區域南方的紀錄而且在加州灣是錯誤。 二個族群存在, 來自舊金山南方的一個來自奧勒岡州北方與另一個.(參考文獻 2850)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2850)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 2; 背的软条 (总数) : 33 - 37; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 30 - 35; 脊椎骨: 42 - 46. Caudal fin rounded and narrow; pectorals broad (Ref. 6885). Olive brown to bronze or dark iridescent purple on dorsal surface, paler on sides with a golden yellow on ventral surface; white space under eye with a black crescent below; white on posterior edge of maxillary; young with a weak dark dorsal saddle (Ref. 6885). Branchiostegal rays: 6 (Ref. 36489).
尾鳍圆的与狭窄的; 胸鳍宽的.(参考文献 6885) 黄褐色的到青铜色或深色的彩虹色的紫色在背面上, 侧边灰白的具有一个金黄色的在腹面上; 眼睛下面的白色间隔具有一个黑色的下面新月; 在上颌骨的后缘上的白色; 幼鱼有一个弱的深色背部的鞍状斑。 (参考文献 6885) 鳃条骨: 6.(参考文献 36489)
Ranges from intertidal areas (where they may remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds, Ref. 31184) to deeper water over sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Adults make vertical migrations at night (Ref. 6885). Feed on crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 6885). Oviparous with eggs and larvae attached to nest wall (Ref. 36489). Nest is guarded by male (Ref. 36489). Important prey item for seals and sea lions (Ref. 2850). Adults breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Possess photophores which are arranged on the underside of the head in a 'U' fashion.
分布自潮间带的区域 (在哪里它们可能在岩石或海草下面离开水面停留, 参考文献 31184) 到较深的水域砂与泥底部的上面。 (参考文献 4925) 成鱼制造垂直性回游在晚上。 (参考文献 6885) 捕食甲壳动物和鱼类。 (参考文献 6885) 卵生的，卵，而且仔鱼依附于巢墙壁了。 (参考文献 36489) 巢被由雄鱼保卫。 (参考文献 36489) 为海豹与海狮的重要猎物项目.(参考文献 2850) 当离开水面，成鱼呼吸空气。 (参考文献 31184) 持有发光器那是排列在一种 'U' 方式的头部的下面。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Nests are cavities that are formed under rocks and eggs are deposited on the roof of the cavity. As few as 19 or as much as 789 eggs have been found attached in a nest. Eggs are guarded by the fasting male. Probably polygamous (Ref. 6885).東太平洋: Sitka ，阿拉斯加到馬格德拉灣，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部。 下加利福尼亞來自區域南方的紀錄而且在加州灣是錯誤。 二個族群存在, 來自舊金山南方的一個來自奧勒岡州北方與另一個.(參考文獻 2850)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.9 - 16.8, mean 8.3 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00338 - 0.01026), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3.5; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 81.9 [43.9, 161.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.11 [0.65, 1.89] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.8, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.322 [0.190, 0.553] g/100g; Selenium = 36.1 [18.1, 78.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24 [8, 72] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.668 [0.466, 0.959] mg/100g (wet weight);
