分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 2854). 熱帶; 10°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060); 29°N - 7°S
Asia: Java, Indonesia. Clarias aff. batrachus from Indochina and Clarias aff. batrachus
from Sundaland have been misidentified as Clarias batrachus from Java. Introduced elsewhere. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島，蘇門答臘，爪哇，婆羅洲。 記錄來自斯里蘭卡了; 對於在它的原產地中的水產業是受歡迎的但是不視為了如此的在其他的東南亞國家中。 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV).(參考文獻 1739) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 28.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 26.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 1.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 60 - 76; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 47 - 58. Body compressed posteriorly. Upper jaw a little projecting. Spine of pectoral fins rough on its outer edge and serrated on its inner edge (Ref. 4792). Occipital process more or less triangular, its length about 2 time in its width (Ref. 27732); distance between dorsal and occipital process 4-5.5 times in distance from tip of snout to end of occipital process (Ref. 43281). Genital papilla in males is elongated and pointed (Ref. 52012).
身体扁长形的在后部地。 上颌稍微突出。 胸鳍的棘粗糙的在它外部的边缘而且锯齿状的在它内缘.(参考文献 4792) 后头骨突起约略三角形的, 它的宽度的它的长度大约 2 次;(参考文献 27732) 距离的背部而后头骨的突起 4-5.5 次从吻尖到后头骨突起的末端之间的距离.(参考文献 43281) 在雄性的生殖乳突被延长而且尖的。 (参考文献 052012)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit lowland streams (Ref. 57235), swamps, ponds, ditches, rice paddies, and pools left in low spots after rivers have been in flood (Ref. 2854, 57235). Usually confined to stagnant, muddy water (Ref. 1479). Found in medium to large-sized rivers, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Undertake lateral migrations from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and returns to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). Can live out of water for quite sometime and move short distances over land (Ref. 4833). Can walk and leave the water to migrate to other water bodies using its auxiliary breathing organs. The Lao use this fish as lap pa or ponne pa. Feed on insect larvae, earthworms, shells, shrimps, small fish, aquatic plants and debris (Ref. 6459). An important food fish (Ref. 4833) that is marketed live, fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987). Recently rare, being replaced by introduced African walking catfish (Ref. 57235).
栖息于在留在低的地点之后被的低地的溪流 (参考文献 57235) ，沼泽，池塘，沟渠，稻田与水池河水泛滥.(参考文献 2854,57235) 通常局限于污浊又泥泞的水。 (参考文献 1479) 发现于包括滞流的管的中到大型的河，被水淹没的田野与污浊的水体了。 (参考文献 12975) 在洪水季节的时候进行对洪泛区的横向回游从湄公河主流, 或其他的永久性水体而且回到永久性水体在干季的开始.(参考文献 37770) 能活的离开水面为某一个时间相当而且短距离的移动土地之上.(参考文献 4833) 能对使用它的輔助呼吸器官的其他的水體走而且離水移至。 Lao 以這一個魚作為 lap pa 或 ponne pa 。 吃昆蟲幼生，蚯蚓，貝殼，蝦，小魚，水生植物與殘礫。 (參考文獻 6459) 一個重要的食用魚 (參考文獻 4833) ，那是現場在市場上銷售, 生鮮和冷凍.(參考文獻 9987) 最近稀有的, 由於被引入的非洲步行的鯰魚更換.(參考文獻 57235)
The pair manifests the 'spawning embrace' which is widely observed in other catfish species (Ref. 33313). The pair gently nudge each other in the genital region and flick their dorsal fins; male wraps his body around the female, then the female releases a stream of adhesive eggs into the nest (Ref. 44091). In southeast Asia, spawning period is during the rainy season, when rivers rise and fish are able to excavate nests in submerged mud banks and dikes of flooded rice fields (Ref. 40977).亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島，蘇門答臘，爪哇，婆羅洲。 記錄來自斯里蘭卡了; 對於在它的原產地中的水產業是受歡迎的但是不視為了如此的在其他的東南亞國家中。 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV).(參考文獻 1739) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Rahman, A.K.A., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p. (Ref. 1479)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00500 - 0.01662), b=2.93 (2.78 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.7 (in aquarium); tm=1; Fec=2,300-13,400).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.2 [22.7, 201.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.83, 2.29] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.8, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.134 [0.067, 0.288] g/100g; Selenium = 95.9 [41.2, 218.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [5.6, 33.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.766 [0.567, 1.018] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
