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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 2854). 熱帶; 10°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060); 29°N - 7°S
Asia: Java, Indonesia. Clarias aff. batrachus from Indochina and Clarias aff. batrachus
from Sundaland have been misidentified as Clarias batrachus from Java. Introduced elsewhere. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島，蘇門答臘，爪哇，婆羅洲。 記錄來自斯里蘭卡了; 對於在它的原產地中的水產業是受歡迎的但是不視為了如此的在其他的東南亞國家中。 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV).(參考文獻 1739) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 28.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 26.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 1.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 60 - 76; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 47 - 58. Body compressed posteriorly. Upper jaw a little projecting. Spine of pectoral fins rough on its outer edge and serrated on its inner edge (Ref. 4792). Occipital process more or less triangular, its length about 2 time in its width (Ref. 27732); distance between dorsal and occipital process 4-5.5 times in distance from tip of snout to end of occipital process (Ref. 43281). Genital papilla in males is elongated and pointed (Ref. 52012).
身體扁長形的在後部地。 上頜稍微突出。 胸鰭的棘粗糙的在它外部的邊緣而且鋸齒狀的在它內緣.(參考文獻 4792) 後頭骨突起約略三角形的, 它的寬度的它的長度大約 2 次;(參考文獻 27732) 距離的背部而後頭骨的突起 4-5.5 次從吻尖到後頭骨突起的末端之間的距離.(參考文獻 43281) 在雄性的生殖乳突被延長而且尖的。 (參考文獻 52012)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit lowland streams (Ref. 57235), swamps, ponds, ditches, rice paddies, and pools left in low spots after rivers have been in flood (Ref. 2854, 57235). Usually confined to stagnant, muddy water (Ref. 1479). Found in medium to large-sized rivers, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Undertake lateral migrations from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and returns to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). Can live out of water for quite sometime and move short distances over land (Ref. 4833). Can walk and leave the water to migrate to other water bodies using its auxiliary breathing organs. The Lao use this fish as lap pa or ponne pa. Feed on insect larvae, earthworms, shells, shrimps, small fish, aquatic plants and debris (Ref. 6459). An important food fish (Ref. 4833) that is marketed live, fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987). Recently rare, being replaced by introduced African walking catfish (Ref. 57235).
棲息於在留在低的地點之後被的沼澤，池塘，溝渠，稻田與水池河水泛濫.(參考文獻 2854) 通常侷限於污濁又泥濘的水。 (參考文獻 1479) 發現於包括滯流的管的中到大型的河，被水淹沒的田野與污濁的水體了。 (參考文獻 12975) 在洪水季節的時候進行對洪泛區的橫向迴游從湄公河主流, 或其他的永久性水體而且回到永久性水體在乾季的開始.(參考文獻 37770) 能活的離開水面為某一個時間相當而且短距離的移動土地之上.(參考文獻 4833) 能對使用它的輔助呼吸器官的其他的水體走而且離水移至。 Lao 以這一個魚作為 lap pa 或 ponne pa 。 吃昆蟲幼生，蚯蚓，貝殼，蝦，小魚，水生植物與殘礫。 (參考文獻 6459) 一個重要的食用魚 (參考文獻 4833) ，那是現場在市場上銷售, 生鮮和冷凍.(參考文獻 9987)
The pair manifests the 'spawning embrace' which is widely observed in other catfish species (Ref. 33313). The pair gently nudge each other in the genital region and flick their dorsal fins; male wraps his body around the female, then the female releases a stream of adhesive eggs into the nest (Ref. 44091). In southeast Asia, spawning period is during the rainy season, when rivers rise and fish are able to excavate nests in submerged mud banks and dikes of flooded rice fields (Ref. 40977).亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島，蘇門答臘，爪哇，婆羅洲。 記錄來自斯里蘭卡了; 對於在它的原產地中的水產業是受歡迎的但是不視為了如此的在其他的東南亞國家中。 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV).(參考文獻 1739) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Rahman, A.K.A., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p. (Ref. 1479)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00500 - 0.01662), b=2.93 (2.78 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.7 (in aquarium); tm=1; Fec=2,300-13,400).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.2 [22.7, 201.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.83, 2.29] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.8, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.134 [0.067, 0.288] g/100g; Selenium = 95.9 [41.2, 218.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [5.6, 33.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.766 [0.567, 1.018] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
