分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Pogonichthyinae
Etymology: Rhinichthys: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); cataractae: cataractae meaning of the Cataract, the original type being from Niagara Falls (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; pH range: ? - 7.0; dH range: 10 - 15. 溫帶; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 2060); 69°N - 28°N
North America: distributed above 40°N from coast to coast; as far north as Arctic Circle in Mackenzie River drainage; south in Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and in Rocky Mountains south into Rio Grande drainage of Texas and northern Mexico.
北美洲: 廣泛地生存於北美洲中北部的岸邊到海岸: 在東部中沿著山到維吉尼亞; 在密西西比流域南至愛荷華州; 在西方的流域南至墨西哥北部; 記錄自東北方的內華達州了; 在所有的五大湖的近岸水域.(參考文獻 1998)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 8.1, range 6 - 10.6 cm
Max length : 22.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 51971); common length : 9.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 12193)
脊椎骨: 40 - 42. Absence of a groove between the upper lip and tip of snout. Barbel present. Snout long and overhanging.
没有在上嘴唇与吻尖之间的一个凹槽。 触须呈现。 吻长的与上悬的。
Inhabits rubble and gravel riffles (sometimes runs and pools) of fast creeks and small to medium rivers as well as rocky shores of lakes (Ref. 5723, 86798). Young up to 4 months are pelagic (Ref. 1998). Form schools (Ref. 1998). Feeds on mayflies, blackflies, and midges (Ref. 1998). Spawns over pits in loose gravel substrate (Ref. 51972). Widely used as bait in the USA (Ref. 1998). Artificially propagated in Minnesota, USA in long narrow ponds having weak water flow (Ref. 1998).
栖息于快速小溪及小型到中型河川的瓦砾与碎石激流 (有时小支流与水潭); 也在湖的岩岸中.(参考文献 5723) 幼鱼超过 4 个数个月是大洋性的.(参考文献 1998) 形成鱼群。 (参考文献 1998) 捕食孚游类，黑蝇与蚊。 (参考文献 1998) 在松散的砾石底部中产卵于洼凹之上。 (参考文献 51972) 广泛地在美国当作鱼饵使用了。 (参考文献 1998) 人工地在美国的明尼苏达繁殖在长而狭窄且水流弱的池塘中。 (参考文献 1998)
Ovarian development probably of the group-synchronous type. Fecundity is determinate based on release of great majority of oocytes in a given spawning season, few signs of atretic oocytes and oocyte diameter distribution points to lack of substantial production of new oocytes (Ref. 51971).
Spawn on rock and gravel. Larvae benthic (Ref. 7471). According to a study (Ref. 10280), although no nest is built, a territory is established and one parent guards the nest. In Manitoba, females lay 200-1200 transparent eggs hatching in 7-10 days at 15.6°C. Young are pelagic and inhabit quiet waters inshore; pelagic stage lasts 4 months before typical bottom dwelling existence of adults commence (Ref 1998). Spawn in riffles over gravelly bottom near nest of river chub.北美洲: 廣泛地生存於北美洲中北部的岸邊到海岸: 在東部中沿著山到維吉尼亞; 在密西西比流域南至愛荷華州; 在西方的流域南至墨西哥北部; 記錄自東北方的內華達州了; 在所有的五大湖的近岸水域.(參考文獻 1998)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00232 - 0.01084), b=3.13 (2.94 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=5; Fec = 1,155).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
