分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Pogonichthyinae
Etymology: Rhinichthys: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); cataractae: cataractae meaning of the Cataract, the original type being from Niagara Falls (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: ? - 7.0; dH range: 10 - 15. 溫帶; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 2060); 69°N - 28°N
North America: distributed above 40°N from coast to coast; as far north as Arctic Circle in Mackenzie River drainage; south in Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and in Rocky Mountains south into Rio Grande drainage of Texas and northern Mexico.
北美洲: 廣泛地生存於北美洲中北部的岸邊到海岸: 在東部中沿著山到維吉尼亞; 在密西西比流域南至愛荷華州; 在西方的流域南至墨西哥北部; 記錄自東北方的內華達州了; 在所有的五大湖的近岸水域.(參考文獻 1998)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.1, range 6 - 10.6 cm
Max length : 22.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 51971); common length : 9.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 12193)
脊椎骨: 40 - 42. Absence of a groove between the upper lip and tip of snout. Barbel present. Snout long and overhanging.
沒有在上嘴唇與吻尖之間的一個凹槽。 觸鬚呈現。 吻長的與上懸的。
Inhabits rubble and gravel riffles (sometimes runs and pools) of fast creeks and small to medium rivers as well as rocky shores of lakes (Ref. 5723, 86798). Young up to 4 months are pelagic (Ref. 1998). Form schools (Ref. 1998). Feeds on mayflies, blackflies, and midges (Ref. 1998). Spawns over pits in loose gravel substrate (Ref. 51972). Widely used as bait in the USA (Ref. 1998). Artificially propagated in Minnesota, USA in long narrow ponds having weak water flow (Ref. 1998).
棲息於快速小溪及小型到中型河川的瓦礫與碎石激流 (有時小支流與水潭); 也在湖的岩岸中.(參考文獻 5723) 幼魚超過 4 個數個月是大洋性的.(參考文獻 1998) 形成魚群。 (參考文獻 1998) 捕食孚游類，黑蠅與蚊。 (參考文獻 1998) 在鬆散的礫石底部中產卵於窪凹之上。 (參考文獻 51972) 廣泛地在美國當作魚餌使用了。 (參考文獻 1998) 人工地在美國的明尼蘇達繁殖在長而狹窄且水流弱的池塘中。 (參考文獻 1998)
Ovarian development probably of the group-synchronous type. Fecundity is determinate based on release of great majority of oocytes in a given spawning season, few signs of atretic oocytes and oocyte diameter distribution points to lack of substantial production of new oocytes (Ref. 51971).
Spawn on rock and gravel. Larvae benthic (Ref. 7471). According to a study (Ref. 10280), although no nest is built, a territory is established and one parent guards the nest. In Manitoba, females lay 200-1200 transparent eggs hatching in 7-10 days at 15.6°C. Young are pelagic and inhabit quiet waters inshore; pelagic stage lasts 4 months before typical bottom dwelling existence of adults commence (Ref 1998). Spawn in riffles over gravelly bottom near nest of river chub.北美洲: 廣泛地生存於北美洲中北部的岸邊到海岸: 在東部中沿著山到維吉尼亞; 在密西西比流域南至愛荷華州; 在西方的流域南至墨西哥北部; 記錄自東北方的內華達州了; 在所有的五大湖的近岸水域.(參考文獻 1998)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 September 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00232 - 0.01084), b=3.13 (2.94 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=5; Fec = 1,155).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
