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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
; пресноводный пелагический; немигрирующий. Temperate; 47°N - 45°N, 8°E - 11°E
Europe: Lakes Como, Garda, Orta, Maggiore, Lugano and Iseo (northern Italy, Switzerland). Introduced in Lakes Bolsena, Bracciano and Vico (central Italy).
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.6 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 59118); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 760.00 g (Ref. 40637)
Краткое описание
определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
This species is distinguished from its congeners entering the freshwater of the Mediterranean basin by the following characters: an almost straight dorsal profile; thin gill rakers 38-72 (different populations average between 45 and 64); no teeth on palatine (Ref. 59043).
A lacustrine, pelagic species. Males reproduce for the first time at 2-3 years, females at 3-4; most reproduce only once or twice. Spawn at temperatures above 15-16°C in June to August, along the shores near the surface at night with bright moonlights. Adults feed mainly on cladocerans and copepods, also on small fish (Ref. 59043).
Most individuals reproduce only once or twice.
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00504 - 0.01311), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).