分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 大洋性; 非遷移的. 溫帶; 47°N - 45°N, 8°E - 11°E
Europe: Lakes Como, Garda, Orta, Maggiore, Lugano and Iseo (northern Italy, Switzerland). Introduced in Lakes Bolsena, Bracciano and Vico (central Italy).
歐洲與地中海。 湖科木湖， Garda ， Orta ， Magiore ， Lugano 與 Iseo.(義大利北部, 瑞士) 在湖 Bolsena ， Bracciano 與 Vico(中央的義大利) 引入。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.6 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59118); 最大體重: 760.00 g (Ref. 40637)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
This species is distinguished from its congeners entering the freshwater of the Mediterranean basin by the following characters: an almost straight dorsal profile; thin gill rakers 38-72 (different populations average between 45 and 64); no teeth on palatine (Ref. 59043).
A lacustrine, pelagic species. Males reproduce for the first time at 2-3 years, females at 3-4; most reproduce only once or twice. Spawn at temperatures above 15-16°C in June to August, along the shores near the surface at night with bright moonlights. Adults feed mainly on cladocerans and copepods, also on small fish (Ref. 59043).
Most individuals reproduce only once or twice.歐洲與地中海。 湖科木湖， Garda ， Orta ， Magiore ， Lugano 與 Iseo.(義大利北部, 瑞士) 在湖 Bolsena ， Bracciano 與 Vico(中央的義大利) 引入。
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00504 - 0.01311), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
