分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Stromateidae (Butterfishes)
科 (Butterfishes)
Etymology: Peprilus: Greek, peprilos, paprax, certain fish from Tracia.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 15 - 136 m (Ref. 36453). 亞熱帶的; - 38°S
Western Atlantic: northeastern USA to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sometimes reaching Argentina.
西大西洋: 東北方的美國到巴西里約熱內盧, 有時達到阿根廷。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 39376); common length : 18.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数) : 2 - 5; 背的软条 (总数) : 38 - 47; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鳍软条: 35 - 45. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body very deep (its depth 1.6 to 1.8 in total length), bounded by even curves and strongly compressed; snout short and blunt, about equal to eye diameter; mouth small, tip of maxillary just reaching to below eye margin; teeth in jaws weak, in 1 row, those in the upper jaw slightly recurved, simple and pointed; dorsal and anal fin bases very long (about equal in length), both fins falcate, the length of their longest rays greater than head and preceded by 3 weak spines; caudal fin stiff and deeply forked, both its lobes longer than head; pectoral fins narrow and much longer than head; pelvic fins absent; no conspicuous series of pores below dorsal fin; lateral line high, following dorsal profile; scales small and easily detached, extending to cheeks and bases of vertical fins; body color pale blue to green above, silvery with a golden/yellow tinge below (Ref. 53006).
A pelagic fish forming large schools in coastal bays, inshore waters over the continental shelf and around islands at moderate depths (50 to 70 m) where it occurs throughout the year (Ref. 53006). Juveniles are found in shallow coastal waters under floating weeds; also in or near brackish estuaries (Ref. 5217). The young of less then 10 cm length are often encountered in association with medusae. Adults feed mainly on jellyfish, small fish, crustaceans and worms while juveniles are plankton feeders. Caught mainly with otter trawls, also seines; marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 53006). Its flesh is well esteemed.
成鱼有时在沿岸与离岸水域中的形成大群鱼群, 遍及大陆架.(参考文献 5217) 稚鱼被发现于在漂浮的杂草下面的沿岸浅水区; 也在半咸淡的河口里或附近.(参考文献 5217) 比较少量的幼鱼然后 10 公分长度时常被见到伴随着水母。 成鱼主要捕食水母，小鱼, 甲壳动物与蠕虫而稚鱼是浮游生物捕食者。 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻。 它的肉赞赏得好。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 東北方的美國到巴西里約熱內盧, 有時達到阿根廷。
Cervigón, F., 1994. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.8 - 27.4, mean 24.2 °C (based on 268 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.01290 - 0.02039), b=2.95 (2.89 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 70.1 [30.9, 192.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.877 [0.387, 1.939] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.381 [0.193, 0.755] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [13.9, 81.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.82 [2.20, 41.96] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.719 [0.420, 1.210] mg/100g (wet weight);
