Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; djupintervall 25 - 550 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical
Western Atlantic: South Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to the Guianas. Unknown from the West Indies except off western Bahamas and Cuba. Also eastern Gulf of Mexico and western Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 500.00 g (Ref. 5217)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11 - 12; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 10 - 11. Inner rays of pelvic about equal to or shorter than outer rays (Ref. 13608).
Found on sand or mud bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.8 - 24.4, mean 19.1 °C (based on 154 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00236 - 0.01065), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.8 [13.2, 77.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.455 [0.161, 1.022] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [12.8, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.0734 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 54.7 [21.3, 121.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 87.5 [22.9, 296.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.772 [0.446, 1.163] mg/100g (wet weight);
