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Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Monacanthidae (Filefishes)
Etymology: Paramonacanthus: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, monos = one + Greek, akantha ) thorn (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 3 - 25 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical
Western Pacific: Thailand, Malaysia, northwestern Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, and New Guinea.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 33065)
Short description
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 2; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 27 - 31; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 28 - 32; Ryggkotor: 19. Dorsal profile of snout straight to convex in male, small hump sometimes over or slightly in advance of nostrils; straight to concave in female and juvenile, without hump. First dorsal spine originating over posterior half of eye, or slightly behind eye. With dark brown to dusky blotches, sometimes tending to form two curved, oblique stripes on body, first from rear of soft dorsal fin to pectoral fin, second from caudal fin base to ventral flap; three dark brown blotches nearly always present.
Inhabits sheltered coastal reefs, usually forming small aggregations (Ref. 48637). Also found in mud and sand bottoms of trawling grounds (Ref. 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Hutchins, J.B., 1997. Review of the monacanthid fish genus Paramonacanthus, with descriptions of three new species. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. Suppl. No. 54:1-57. (Ref. 33065)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2286 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00943 - 0.04220), b=2.93 (2.75 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
