分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Characiformes (Characins) >
Serrasalmidae (Piranhas and pacus) > Colossomatinae
Etymology: Colossoma: Greek, kolos = short, truncated + Greek, soma = body (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Taxonomic Remarks
See Machado-Allison 1982: 42, Géry 1986: 97 and Machado-Allison 1986: 2 for detailed description. See Goulding & Carvalho 1982 and Araujo Lima & Goulding 1997 for general biology and management. See Loubens & Panfili 1997 for growth biology.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 5.0 - 7.8; dH range: ? - 20; 河川洄游 (Ref. 138143); 深度上下限 5 - ? m. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672); 15°S - 35°S
South America: Amazon and Orinoco basins as wild form; pisciculture form largely distributed in South America.
南美洲: 如野生的形式亞馬遜河與奧里諾科河流域; 養殖的型式主要地分佈於南美洲了。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 24 - ? cm
Max length : 108 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9987); 最大體重: 40.0 kg (Ref. 72380)
This species is usually solitary. Adults stay in flooded forests during first 5 months of flooding and consume but fruits and grains. Young and juveniles live in black waters of flood plains until their sexual maturity. Adults feed on zooplankton, insects, snails and decaying plants (Ref. 32894). Used in aquaculture because it can live in mineral poor waters and is very resistant to diseases. Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).
這種通常是獨居性。 成魚在洪水氾濫的最初 5個月的時候停留在被水淹沒的森林中而且只吃果實與穀粒。 幼魚與稚魚生活於沖積平原的黑色水域直到他們的性成熟。 吃浮游動物,昆蟲,蝸牛而且腐敗植物.(參考文獻 32894) 因為它能生活於礦物少量的水域而且是對疾病非常有抵抗性,所以被用於水產業了。 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍.(參考文獻 9987)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
南美洲: 如野生的形式亞馬遜河與奧里諾科河流域; 養殖的型式主要地分佈於南美洲了。
Géry, J., 1977. Characoids of the world. Neptune City ; Reigate : T.F.H. [etc.]; 672 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 23 cm. (Ref. 598)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 17 December 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02239 (0.01179 - 0.04249), b=2.99 (2.82 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.23; Fec=7,000-300,000).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.6 [17.8, 103.8] mg/100g; Iron = 1.09 [0.51, 2.44] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.5, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.10, 0.78] g/100g; Selenium = 125 [45, 312] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14 [4, 47] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.43 [0.94, 2.22] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.