分類 / Names
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 深さの範囲 0 - 100 m (Ref. 12951). Subtropical; 38°N - 34°S
Circumglobal in tropical seas. Indian Ocean: off South Africa, Bay of Bengal, and probably Indonesia (Ref. 9911). Eastern Central Pacific: From Gulf of California to Chile (Ref. 130539).
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 163.6, range 146 - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm WD オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 2850); common length : 150 cm WD オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9256)
簡単な記述
検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
A moderate-sized devilray with a short head bearing short head fins; dorsal fin white-tipped, and pectoral fins with swept-back tips and a prominent double bend to the front margins; upper disc sparsely covered with small, blunt denticles and tail shorter than disc, with no spine (Ref. 5578). Dark blue to black above; white below, with silvery pectoral fin tips (Ref. 5578). No caudal fin (Ref. 5578).
Occurs in coastal and oceanic waters, but more common near the coast (Ref. 9256). Found singly or in small groups (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 12951); mostly small shrimp-like animals (Ref.58048). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Caught occasionally in the tuna gillnet and in harpoon fisheries. Utilized for its gill filter plates (high value), meat, cartilage and skin (Ref.58048). Can leap out of the water.
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With one large offspring per gestation period. Size at birth 65-85 cm (Ref. 6871).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)
絶滅危惧 (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.6 - 29.1, mean 27.8 °C (based on 2652 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常に低い, １４年以上の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Fec=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.99 [1.05, 135.60] mg/100g; Iron = 0.83 [0.08, 10.24] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [15.3, 25.9] %; Omega3 = 0.157 [0.047, 0.501] g/100g; Selenium = 22.8 [4.7, 120.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.56 [0.35, 57.84] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.483 [0.030, 5.484] mg/100g (wet weight);
