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Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865

Bat eagle ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Myliobatis californica   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Myliobatis californica (Bat eagle ray)
Myliobatis californica
Picture by Gotshall, D.W.

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte 0 - 108 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 43°N - 5°S, 126°W - 85°W (Ref. 55258)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Oregon, USA to Gulf of California (Ref. 2850) and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 28023).

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm WD mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2850); common length : 100.0 cm WD mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9257); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 82.1 kg (Ref. 40637)

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Commonly found in sandy and muddy bays and sloughs, also on rocky bottom and in kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Sometimes buries itself in sand (Ref. 2850). Found singly or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bivalves, snails, polychaetes, shrimps, and crabs (Ref. 9257). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Venomous spine on tail. Not fished commercially, but shows up as by-catch species (Ref. 9257).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : McEachran, John | Medewerkers

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Myliobatidae. Aguilas marinas. p. 765-768. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9257)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 13 September 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Venomous (Ref. 4690)





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Meer informatie

Trophic ecology
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Food consumptions
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Ecology
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Length-weight rel.
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Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoom, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OceanAdapt | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Publieke aquaria | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 12.4 - 23, mean 20.6 °C (based on 34 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5002   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00123 - 0.01235), b=3.08 (2.82 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.2   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (tm=3; tmax=23; k=0.09-0.22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 8.59 [1.10, 170.56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.647 [0.059, 7.948] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [15.2, 25.6] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.050, 0.437] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [5.9, 146.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.22 [0.27, 34.64] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.476 [0.031, 5.520] mg/100g (wet weight);