| Family Myliobatidae - Eagle and manta rays | ||||
| Order | : | Myliobatiformes |
|
|
| Class | : | Elasmobranchii | ||
| No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 2 | Species : 20 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
| Environment | : | Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
| Division | : | Marine | ||
| Aquarium | : | none | ||
| First Fossil Record | : | upper Cretaceous | Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
| Remark | : | Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans (Ref. 6871). Morphology: This medium to very large rays have adults reaching at least 3 m in width and with a rhomboidal, ‘wing-like’ disc; the trunk is broad, depressed and thick; head is narrow, elevated above the disc, protruding forward anteriorly, with anteriormost part of pectoral fins joining head below level of eyes; eyes and spiracles are lateral on head, with spiracle openings not visible in dorsal view; mouth is ventral and broad, the internasal flap is straight or slightly undulated, and not notched; teeth in each jaw 6-10 (usually 7) rows, middle row not always the broadest; upper and lower tooth plates are similar in shape; pectoral fins are broad, with narrow angular apices and free angular rear tips, somewhat pointed; with a small dorsal fin, the posterior margin joined to surface of tail (no free rear tip), its origin either well in front of (Aetomylaeus) or behind (Myliobatis) pelvic-fin free rear tips; tail is long, whip-like, narrow-based, and much longer than disc, and with caudal stings in most species (absent in most members of the genus Aetomylaeus); rostral part of the pectoral fins with (Myliobatis) or without (Aetomylaeus) subocular ridges connecting to the pectoral disc (pectoral radials joining cephalic lobe or interrupted from separate cephalic lobe); lateral margin of the postorbital process of chondrocranium does not form a bar-like projection; Hyomandibular Accessory Cartilage 1 (HAC-1) is present near the distal end of the hyomandibular cartilage; puboischiadic bar of pelvic girdle is weakly to moderately arched and robust; pectoral-fin radials (excluding rostral cartilages) 79-92 (Ref. 109645) | ||
| Etymology | : | Greek, myleys, -eos = mill, millstone + Greek, batis, -idos = ray (the fish) ( Ref. 45335). | ||
| Reproductive guild | : | bearers | ||
| Typical activity level | : | |||
Main Ref.![]() |
: | White, W.T. and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 | ||
| Coordinator | : | White, W.T. and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 | ||
Deep Fin Classification
|
: | |||
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
| Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
|---|---|---|---|
Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Raja aquila Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Leiobatus aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobates aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis equila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatus aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Raia aquila Stephan, 1779 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis noctula Bonaparte, 1833 | synonym | junior | original |
Raia rhombus Larrañaga, 1923 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis cervus Smith, 1935 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis freminvillei Lesueur, 1824 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis freminvillii Lesueur, 1824 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854 | accepted | senior | original |
Holorhinus tobijei (Bleeker, 1854) | synonym | senior | new |
Mobula tobijei (Bleeker, 1854) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis tobije Bleeker, 1854 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis cornuta Günther, 1870 | synonym | junior | original |
! Myliobatis cornutus Günther, 1870 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 | accepted | senior | original |
! Myliobatis californicus Gill, 1865 | synonym | senior | original |
Holorhinus californicus (Gill, 1865) | synonym | senior | new |
Rhinoptera vespertilio Girard, 1856 | ambiguous | homonym | original |
Rhinoptera encenadae Smith, 1886 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Myliobatis tenuicaudata Hector, 1877 | accepted | senior | original |
! Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
! Myliobatis tenuicandatus Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
! Myliobatis tenuicaudatis Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
! Myliobatus tentuicaudatus Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis goodei Garman, 1885 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis chilensis Philippi, 1892 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis tobijei (non Bleeker, 1854) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Myliobatis peruviana Garman, 1913 | accepted | senior | original |
! Myliobatis peruvianus Garman, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Aetobatus peruvianus (Garman, 1913) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis peruanus Garman, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis longirostris Applegate & Fitch, 1964 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis ridens Ruocco, Lucifora, DÃaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña & Delpiani, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1834) | accepted | senior | new |
! Myliobatus maculatus Gray, 1834 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis maculatus Gray, 1834 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomylus maculatus (Gray, 1834) | synonym | senior | new |
Myliobatis cyclura van Hasselt, 1823 | synonym | other | original |
! Myliobatus cyclurus van Hasselt, 1823 | synonym | other | original |
Myliobates oculeus Richardson, 1846 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new |
! Raja niehofii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original |
Aetomylaeus niehofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
Raja nichofii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomylaeus nichofi (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
! Aetomyleus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis nieuhofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
! Raja nieuhofii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original |
! Raja nieuhowii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original |
Raja fasciata Shaw, 1804 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis vultur Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobates nieuhofii cornifera Annandale, 1909 | synonym | junior | original |
! Aetomylus huletti Smith, 1953 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus huletti Smith, 1953 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis bovina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 | synonym | senior | original |
Pteromylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | synonym | senior | new |
Myliobates episcopus Valenciennes, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis bonaparti Duméril, 1865 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus huletti Smith, 1953 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
! Aetomylus huletti Smith, 1953 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis milvus Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomyleus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new |
! Aetomylus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new |
Myliobatis vultur (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Myliobates oculeus (non Richardson, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis vespertilio Bleeker, 1852 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomylus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) | synonym | senior | new |
Aetobatus reticulatus Teng, 1962 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus reticulatus (Teng, 1962) | ambiguous | questionable | new |
Myliobatis milvus (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis asperrimus Gilbert, 1898 | synonym | senior | original |
Pteromylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898) | synonym | senior | new |
Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus White, Last & Baje, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |
Aetomylaeus wafickii Jabado, Ebert & Al Dhaheri, 2022 | accepted | senior | original |