分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Narkidae (Sleeper rays)
Etymology: Narke: Greek, narke = numbness (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gmelin.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 20 - 183 m (Ref. 6589). 亞熱帶的; 23°S - 36°S, 13°E - 32°E (Ref. 114953)
Southeast Atlantic: Cape of Good Hope to central Natal, South Africa. Possibly occurring in Namibia, Mozambique and Madagascar (Ref. 5578, Ref. 114953).
東南大西洋: 尖岬到南非納塔爾中部。 可能出現在莫三比克與馬達加斯加。 (參考文獻 5578)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5578)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Small ray with an almost circular disc and an elongated caudal fin (Ref. 5578). Yellowish-brown above with yellowish patches on upper tail, yellow with brown margins below (Ref. 5578).
小的鰭條有一個幾乎圓形的體盤與一個瘦長的尾鰭。 (參考文獻 5578) 背面土黃色具有在上面的尾部上的淡黃色的區塊, 黃色的有褐色下面的邊緣.(參考文獻 5578)
Occurs offshore on the shelf; also common on sandy and muddy bottoms at 20-115 m (Ref. 5578). Feeds mainly on polychaetes (Ref. 5578). Males reaches maturity at 18-23 cm TL, females at ca. 23 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Capable of giving a powerful shock (Ref. 5578). Incidental catch of trawlers (Ref. 5578). It is parasitised by the monogenean Electrocotyle whittingtoni in the gills (Ref. 124060).
在大陸棚上生存外海; 也在 20-115 公尺的常見於沙泥底.(參考文獻 5578) 主要吃多毛類動物。 (參考文獻 5578) 能夠給一個有力的驚嚇。 (參考文獻 5578) 底拖網的意外漁獲.(參考文獻 5578)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
東南大西洋: 尖岬到南非納塔爾中部。 可能出現在莫三比克與馬達加斯加。 (參考文獻 5578)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Narkidae. p. 113-114. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6589)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.7 - 20.6, mean 16 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6252 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.26 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
