Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792)
Lake trout
را بارگذاری کني تصاوير و فيلم ها
عکس ها | فيلم ها | تمبر، سکه، متفرقه. | تصوير گوگل
Salvelinus namaycush
عکس از Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
عکس ها | فيلم ها | تمبر، سکه، متفرقه. | تصوير گوگل
عکس از Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
رده بندی / نامها اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Salvelinus: Old name for char; it is the same root of german "saibling" = little salmon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Etymology: Salvelinus: Old name for char; it is the same root of german "saibling" = little salmon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع بوم شناسي
; آب شيرين موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; رود رو (Ref. 126106); تغييرات عمق 3 - 61 m (Ref. 120394), usually 18 - 53 m (Ref. 1998). Temperate; 4°C - 13°C (Ref. 120394); 75°N - 38°N, 168°W - 67°W (Ref. 86798)
پراكنش سرزمینها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | اکوسیستمها | ظهور | نقشه نقطه ای | معرفي | Faunafri
North America: Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific basins from northern Canada and Alaska south to New England in USA, Great Lakes, and northern Montana, USA. Introduced widely to many areas outside its native range.
Splakes (hybrid between Salvelinus namaycush and Salvelinus fontinalis) have also been successfully introduced to many areas of North America. The three observed phenotypes existing in Lake Superior (lean, siscowet and humper or paperbelly) are under some genetic control and not merely expressions of environmental adaptation (Ref. 40529).
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 51.6, range 42 - 50 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 6114); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 32.7 kg (Ref. 40637); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 50 سال ها (Ref. 3494)
Max length : 150 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 6114); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 32.7 kg (Ref. 40637); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 50 سال ها (Ref. 3494)
توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 4 - 5; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 8 - 10; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 4 - 5; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 10; مهره ها: 61 - 69. Distinguished by its color, white or yellowish spots on a dark green to grayish background, its deeply forked tail and its numerous pyloric caeca. Lateral line slightly curved anteriorly; pelvic fins with small axillary process (Ref. 27547). Body typically trout-like, elongate, somewhat rounded. Head stout, broad dorsally; mouth large, terminal, snout usually protruding slightly beyond lower jaw when mouth is closed. Back and sides usually dark green liberally sprinkled with whitish to yellowish (never pink or red) spots; overall color varies from light green to gray, brown, dark green or nearly black; belly white; pale spots present on dorsal, adipose and caudal fins and usually on base of anal; sometimes orange-red on paired fins, especially in northern populations; anterior edge of paired and anal fins sometimes with a white border. At spawning time, males develop a dark lateral stripe and become paler on the back (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the unique dark brown head, body, dorsal and caudal fins, covered by small pale spots; differs also by its deeply forked caudal fin (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults ocur in shallow and deep waters of northern lakes and streams and is restricted to relatively deep lakes in the southern part of its range (Ref. 5723, 86798). Rarely found in brackish water (Ref. 11980). A solitary wanderer, the extent of their movements apparently limited by the size of the lake and individual (Ref. 27547). Although lake trout generally feed on a variety of organisms such as freshwater sponges, crustaceans, insects, fishes (with a preference for ciscoes), and small mammals, some populations feed on plankton throughout their lives (Ref. 27547). Such plankton-feeding lake trout grow more slowly, mature earlier and at smaller size, die sooner and attain smaller maximum size than do their fish-eating counterparts (Ref. 30351). Lake trout are highly susceptible to pollution, especially from insecticides (Ref. 14019, 27547). Utilized as a food fish, its flesh is usually of a yellow or creamy color but may be anything from white to orange (Ref. 27547). Often caught by fishers (Ref. 30578).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
The spawning act occurs mostly at night, with peak activity between dusk and 9 or 10 pm (Ref. 28805, 28815). During the day the fish are more or less dispersed away from the spawning beds but return in considerable numbers in the late afternoon (Ref. 27547). Males reach spawning beds first and spend some time cleaning the rocks. Females arrive a few days later and are courted by the males. During and following courtship, the males attempt to spawn with the females. One or two males approach a female, press against her sides and quiver. The eggs fall into the crevices and the spawners disperse. The act is repeated until the female releases all her eggs (Ref. 1998, 27547). On occasion, as many as seven males and three females may engage in a mass spawning act (Ref. 28815). Spawning occurs annually in southern areas, every other year in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Terrritories, and only every other year in Great Bear and some other lakes of the arctic (Ref. 1153, 28802, 28860).
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع خود را بارگذاری کنید | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
حداقل نگرانی (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 September 2020
CITES
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: فرودها; Publication: search | FishSource |
اطلاعات بيشتر
پویایی جمعیت
پارامترهای رشد
حداکثر سن/اندازه
نسبت طول-وزن.
طول-طول نسبی.
نوسانات طولی
تبدیل انبوه
بازسازی
فراواني
پارامترهای رشد
حداکثر سن/اندازه
نسبت طول-وزن.
طول-طول نسبی.
نوسانات طولی
تبدیل انبوه
بازسازی
فراواني
فیزیولوژی
ترکیب بدن
مواد مغذی
مصرف اکسیژن
نوع شنا
سرعت شنا
رنگدانههای بصری
صدای ماهی
بیماریها و انگلها
سمیت (LC50s)
ترکیب بدن
مواد مغذی
مصرف اکسیژن
نوع شنا
سرعت شنا
رنگدانههای بصری
صدای ماهی
بیماریها و انگلها
سمیت (LC50s)
ابزارها
کتاب الکترونیکی | راهنماي صحرايي | كليدهاي شناسايي | امكان نرم افزاري بسامد طولي | ابزار تاريخ زيستي | نقشه نقطه ای |
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گزارش های ويژه
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بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | فيش واچر را ببينيد | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, گونه ها | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: فرودها; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | پايگاه هاي داده ها | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: برو, جستجو | World Records Freshwater Fishing | سوابق جانورشناسی
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00711 - 0.00974), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (4.4 - 9.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 32 growth studies.
جهندگی (مرجع 120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (K=0.05-0.12; tm=5-20; tmax=50; Fec=5,000).
مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 5.7 [3.5, 10.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.232, 0.579] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 1.71 [0.52, 5.82] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [5.5, 58.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.9 [8.9, 117.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.573 [0.428, 0.819] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.