分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Salvelinus: Old name for char; it is the same root of german "saibling" = little salmon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 3 - 61 m (Ref. 120394), usually 18 - 53 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 4°C - 13°C (Ref. 120394); 75°N - 38°N, 168°W - 67°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific basins from northern Canada and Alaska south to New England in USA, Great Lakes, and northern Montana, USA. Introduced widely to many areas outside its native range.
Splakes (hybrid between Salvelinus namaycush and Salvelinus fontinalis) have also been successfully introduced to many areas of North America. The three observed phenotypes existing in Lake Superior (lean, siscowet and humper or paperbelly) are under some genetic control and not merely expressions of environmental adaptation (Ref. 40529).
北美洲: 廣泛地從加拿大北部分佈了，而且阿拉斯加州南至在美國的新英格蘭而且在加拿大-美國南至五大湖流域。 廣泛地在它的原產地之外引入到許多區域。 Splakes(在 Salvelinus namaycush 與 美洲紅點鮭〔溪紅點鮭〕〔Salvelinus fontinalis〕 之間雜交) 也已經是引進成功的北美洲的許多區域。 這三個觀察在秀克必李耳湖 (瘦肉, siscowet 與保險桿或者 paperbelly) 存在的表現型只在一些遺傳的控制下面而不是環境適應的表達。 (參考文獻 40529)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 51.6, range 42 - 50 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6114); 最大體重: 32.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 50 年 (Ref. 3494)
背棘 (總數) : 4 - 5; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8 - 10; 臀棘: 4 - 5; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10; 脊椎骨: 61 - 69. Distinguished by its color, white or yellowish spots on a dark green to grayish background, its deeply forked tail and its numerous pyloric caeca. Lateral line slightly curved anteriorly; pelvic fins with small axillary process (Ref. 27547). Body typically trout-like, elongate, somewhat rounded. Head stout, broad dorsally; mouth large, terminal, snout usually protruding slightly beyond lower jaw when mouth is closed. Back and sides usually dark green liberally sprinkled with whitish to yellowish (never pink or red) spots; overall color varies from light green to gray, brown, dark green or nearly black; belly white; pale spots present on dorsal, adipose and caudal fins and usually on base of anal; sometimes orange-red on paired fins, especially in northern populations; anterior edge of paired and anal fins sometimes with a white border. At spawning time, males develop a dark lateral stripe and become paler on the back (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the unique dark brown head, body, dorsal and caudal fins, covered by small pale spots; differs also by its deeply forked caudal fin (Ref. 59043).
區別的特徵為它的顏色了, 白色或淡黃色的斑點一之上深綠色的對淺灰色的背景, 它的分岔很深尾部與它的很多幽門的盲腸。 側線些微地前面地彎曲; 腹鰭有小的腋窩突起.(參考文獻 27547) 身體典型像鱒魚一樣, 延長,略微圓的。 頭部矮胖的, 寬的背面; 嘴大的﹐末端的, 當嘴被關閉的時候，吻通常伸出略超過下頜。 背面與側邊通常深綠色的寬大地灑對淡黃色的 (從不粉紅或紅色的) 斑點有微白色的; 整體的顏色改變從淡綠色的對灰色, 褐色﹐深綠色的或幾乎黑色; 腹部白色的; 灰白的斑點位於之上背部的, 脂鰭與尾鰭與通常在臀鰭基底上; 有時橘紅色的在偶鰭上, 尤其在北方的族群; 前緣成對的與臀鰭有時有一個白色的邊緣。 在繁殖期，雄性發育一條黑的側面斑紋而且變成較灰白的背部之上。 (參考文獻 27547) 尾鰭有 19個鰭條。 (參考文獻 2196)
Occurs in shallow and deep waters of northern lakes and streams and is restricted to relatively deep lakes in the southern part of its range (Ref. 5723, 86798). Rarely found in brackish water (Ref. 11980). A solitary wanderer, the extent of their movements apparently limited by the size of the lake and individual (Ref. 27547). Although lake trout generally feed on a variety of organisms such as freshwater sponges, crustaceans, insects, fishes (with a preference for ciscoes), and small mammals, some populations feed on plankton throughout their lives (Ref. 27547). Such plankton-feeding lake trout grow more slowly, mature earlier and at smaller size, die sooner and attain smaller maximum size than do their fish-eating counterparts (Ref. 30351). Lake trout are highly susceptible to pollution, especially from insecticides (Ref. 14019, 27547). Utilized as a food fish, its flesh is usually of a yellow or creamy color but may be anything from white to orange (Ref. 27547). Often caught by fishers (Ref. 30578).
發現於北方湖泊與溪流的淺或深水域而且在它的分佈範圍的南部中被侷限於相當深的湖了。 (參考文獻 5723) 極少在半淡鹹水。 (參考文獻 11980) 一種獨居性流浪者 , 他們的運動的範圍顯然地侷限於湖的大小與個體了。 (參考文獻 27547) 雖然鱒魚通常吃多種生物例如淡水的海綿，甲殼動物，昆蟲，魚 (偏愛魚曹白魚之類) 與小的哺乳動物, 但是，一些族群在他們的生命各處吃浮游生物。 (參考文獻 27547) 如此浮游生物-進食的鱒魚更慢慢生長, 成熟的早些時候比做他們的吃魚相對物而在較小的大小, 更快死而且達到較小的最大體長.(參考文獻 30351) 鱒魚是高度地易受污染, 尤其從殺蟲藥.(參考文獻 14019,27547) 作為食用魚, 它的肉黃色或者乳脂色顏色通常是但是可能是任何東西從白色到橘色的.(參考文獻 27547) 時常被漁夫捕獲了。 (參考文獻 30578)
The spawning act occurs mostly at night, with peak activity between dusk and 9 or 10 pm (Ref. 28805, 28815). During the day the fish are more or less dispersed away from the spawning beds but return in considerable numbers in the late afternoon (Ref. 27547). Males reach spawning beds first and spend some time cleaning the rocks. Females arrive a few days later and are courted by the males. During and following courtship, the males attempt to spawn with the females. One or two males approach a female, press against her sides and quiver. The eggs fall into the crevices and the spawners disperse. The act is repeated until the female releases all her eggs (Ref. 1998, 27547). On occasion, as many as seven males and three females may engage in a mass spawning act (Ref. 28815). Spawning occurs annually in southern areas, every other year in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Terrritories, and only every other year in Great Bear and some other lakes of the arctic (Ref. 1153, 28802, 28860).北美洲: 廣泛地從加拿大北部分佈了，而且阿拉斯加州南至在美國的新英格蘭而且在加拿大-美國南至五大湖流域。 廣泛地在它的原產地之外引入到許多區域。 Splakes(在 Salvelinus namaycush 與 美洲紅點鮭〔溪紅點鮭〕〔Salvelinus fontinalis〕 之間雜交) 也已經是引進成功的北美洲的許多區域。 這三個觀察在秀克必李耳湖 (瘦肉, siscowet 與保險桿或者 paperbelly) 存在的表現型只在一些遺傳的控制下面而不是環境適應的表達。 (參考文獻 40529)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00712 - 0.00972), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (4.4 - 9.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 32
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.05-0.12; tm=5-20; tmax=50; Fec=5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 5.7 [3.5, 10.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.232, 0.579] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 1.71 [0.52, 5.82] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [5.5, 58.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.9 [8.9, 117.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.573 [0.428, 0.819] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
