(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: Pavoraja: Latin, pavo = peacock + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 30 - 390 m (Ref. 6871). Temperate; 30°S - 44°S, 126°E - 154°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to Australia (South Australia to New South Wales).
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 31.9, range 31 - 33 cm
Max length : 36.8 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 76878)
Occur over soft bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300, 75154). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.7 cm long and 3.8-4.4 cm wide (Ref. 41308). Both sexes reaches maturity at ca. 30-33 cm TL; hatch size at ca. 8 cm TL. Biology poorly known. Discarded bycatch of local trawl fisheries (Ref. 114953).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
دمای ترجیحی (مرجع
123201): 12.5 - 17.3, mean 14.6 °C (based on 89 cells).
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00279 - 0.01081), b=3.11 (2.94 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع
69278): 3.7 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Fec assumed to be <100).
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
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