Ελασμοβράγχιοι (καρχαρίες και σαλάχια) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: Irolita: From Irolita, a princess in love with prince Parcinus. The beauty of the princess was worthly the world´s admiration. Mythology.
Eponymy: Irolita is a beautiful female character in a fairy story written by Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville, Baroness d’Aulnoy (1650–1705). The reasoning behind this choice of name is not explained by the author. Edgar Ravenswood Waite (1866–1928) was an English-born Australian zoologist and ichthyologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 50 - 200 m (Ref. 6871). Temperate; 29°S - 36°S, 113°E - 136°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean: south-western Australia.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 46 - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 6871)
Occur over soft bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300, 75154). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.1-7.6 cm long and 3.2-3.8 cm wide (Ref. 41308). Males reaches maturity at ca. 46 cm TL. Occassionally caught as bycatch and typically discarded (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15 - 18.5, mean 16.6 °C (based on 27 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00288 - 0.01097), b=3.11 (2.94 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
