分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468); 2°N - 12°S
Africa: Lake Victoria, Edward, George, small lakes of Uganda, Lake Kivu, smaller lakes of Rwanda, Lake Tanganyika, in Malawi, Kagera, Malagarazi and Ruzizi Rivers (Ref. 248). Also in Lake Rukwa (Ref. 27292) and in Luapula and Lualaba River drainages (Congo River basin) (Ref. 248). Present in Cunene, Okavango, upper Zambezi, and Kafue systems (Ref. 7248).
非洲: 維多利亞湖，愛德華湖，喬治湖，烏干達，基伍湖的小湖，盧安達，坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu-Moero 的系統較小的湖, 在馬拉威， Kagera ， Malagarazi ， Ruzizi 與 Tana 河。 庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河，尚比西河上游與 Kafue 系統，尚比亞剛果，中非五大湖.(參考文獻 7248)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3820)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 67 - 79; 臀鳍软条: 53 - 67; 脊椎骨: 55 - 58. Pectoral fin spine with serrations on the inner and upward directed on the outer side (Ref. 34290). Head oval to rectangular dorsally; snout broadly rounded; eyes more laterally located. Frontal fontanelle intermediate between `knife-shaped' and `sole-shaped'; occipital fontanelle long and oval-shaped. Supraorbital and `dermosphenotic' bones generally joined above 150 mm SL and more dorsally placed. Tooth plates relatively broad. Pectoral spine relatively short; its outer side strongly serrated over entire length. Gill rakers short and far apart. Openings of secondary sensory canals regularly arranged on flanks.
胸鳍棘用锯齿在内部而向上者上在外部的侧边上直接的。 (参考文献 34290) 头部椭圆形到矩形的背面; 吻宽广地圆的; 眼更侧面位于。 额骨囱门介于之间刀状的 '与唯一的 - 形状的'; 后头骨囱门长而椭圆形的。 眶上的与皮蝶骨的' 硬骨通常结合上方 150 mm SL 而且更背面放置了。 齿板相当宽的。 胸棘相当短的; 它的外部侧边在整个的长度之上深锯齿状的。 鳃耙短与分开很远。 第二感觉管的开口在侧面上规则排列的。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in marginal water-lily and papyrus swamps as well as in marginal weed beds; abundant in high mountain streams and torrents and on the bottom among stones; not found in any situation lower than about 915 m above sea level nor in water of a higher temperature than 18 °C (Ref. 248). In the Rukwa and Malawi drainage they are sometimes found in very cold upland streams (Ref. 78218). These fishes are omnivores, feeding on insect larvae and sometimes also fishes (Ref. 78218).
出现于边缘的睡莲与纸草沼泽以及在边缘的杂草丛中。 丰富的在高的山地溪流与奔流中与在石头之中的底部上。 不出现在任何的情形低于在海平面上面的大约 915 公尺也不在水较高的温度超过 18 °C.(参考文献 248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
非洲: 維多利亞湖，愛德華湖，喬治湖，烏干達，基伍湖的小湖，盧安達，坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu-Moero 的系統較小的湖, 在馬拉威， Kagera ， Malagarazi ， Ruzizi 與 Tana 河。 庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河，尚比西河上游與 Kafue 系統，尚比亞剛果，中非五大湖.(參考文獻 7248)
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00343 - 0.01757), b=2.97 (2.79 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
