分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468); 2°N - 12°S
Africa: Lake Victoria, Edward, George, small lakes of Uganda, Lake Kivu, smaller lakes of Rwanda, Lake Tanganyika, in Malawi, Kagera, Malagarazi and Ruzizi Rivers (Ref. 248). Also in Lake Rukwa (Ref. 27292) and in Luapula and Lualaba River drainages (Congo River basin) (Ref. 248). Present in Cunene, Okavango, upper Zambezi, and Kafue systems (Ref. 7248).
非洲: 維多利亞湖，愛德華湖，喬治湖，烏干達，基伍湖的小湖，盧安達，坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu-Moero 的系統較小的湖, 在馬拉威， Kagera ， Malagarazi ， Ruzizi 與 Tana 河。 庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河，尚比西河上游與 Kafue 系統，尚比亞剛果，中非五大湖.(參考文獻 7248)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3820)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 67 - 79; 臀鰭軟條: 53 - 67; 脊椎骨: 55 - 58. Pectoral fin spine with serrations on the inner and upward directed on the outer side (Ref. 34290). Head oval to rectangular dorsally; snout broadly rounded; eyes more laterally located. Frontal fontanelle intermediate between `knife-shaped' and `sole-shaped'; occipital fontanelle long and oval-shaped. Supraorbital and `dermosphenotic' bones generally joined above 150 mm SL and more dorsally placed. Tooth plates relatively broad. Pectoral spine relatively short; its outer side strongly serrated over entire length. Gill rakers short and far apart. Openings of secondary sensory canals regularly arranged on flanks.
胸鰭棘用鋸齒在內部而向上者上在外部的側邊上直接的。 (參考文獻 34290) 頭部橢圓形到矩形的背面; 吻寬廣地圓的; 眼更側面位於。 額骨囪門介於之間刀狀的 '與唯一的 - 形狀的'; 後頭骨囪門長而橢圓形的。 眶上的與皮蝶骨的' 硬骨通常結合上方 150 mm SL 而且更背面放置了。 齒板相當寬的。 胸棘相當短的; 它的外部側邊在整個的長度之上深鋸齒狀的。 鰓耙短與分開很遠。 第二感覺管的開口在側面上規則排列的。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in marginal water-lily and papyrus swamps as well as in marginal weed beds; abundant in high mountain streams and torrents and on the bottom among stones; not found in any situation lower than about 915 m above sea level nor in water of a higher temperature than 18 °C (Ref. 248). In the Rukwa and Malawi drainage they are sometimes found in very cold upland streams (Ref. 78218). These fishes are omnivores, feeding on insect larvae and sometimes also fishes (Ref. 78218).
出現於邊緣的睡蓮與紙草沼澤以及在邊緣的雜草叢中。 豐富的在高的山地溪流與奔流中與在石頭之中的底部上。 不出現在任何的情形低於在海平面上面的大約 915 公尺也不在水較高的溫度超過 18 °C.(參考文獻 248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
非洲: 維多利亞湖，愛德華湖，喬治湖，烏干達，基伍湖的小湖，盧安達，坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu-Moero 的系統較小的湖, 在馬拉威， Kagera ， Malagarazi ， Ruzizi 與 Tana 河。 庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河，尚比西河上游與 Kafue 系統，尚比亞剛果，中非五大湖.(參考文獻 7248)
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00343 - 0.01757), b=2.97 (2.79 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
