分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 55219). 亞熱帶的; 22°C - ? (Ref. 12451); 47°N - 45°S, 99°W - 27°E (Ref. 55219)
Atlantic Ocean: roughly from 45°N to 45°S in the southwestern Atlantic and 35°S in the southeastern Atlantic. Records from the Mediterranean Sea, and from Bretagne, France seem to correspond to a few straying individuals. Classified as 'reduced' (Ref. 12451). It is unclear whether there are two separate stocks or a single population in the Atlantic. Highly migratory species.
大西洋: 概略地從 45個 ° N 到在東南方的大西洋的西南方的大西洋與 35個 °S 的 45個 °S。 來自地中海的紀錄, 而且從不列塔尼，法國似乎與一些迷路個體一致。 被歸類為了 '縮小的'.(參考文獻 12451) 它是不清楚的是否在大西洋有兩個分開的分枝或一個族群。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 164.0, range 130 - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4770); common length : 210 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 82.5 kg (Ref. 43)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 43 - 52; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 23. Blue-black above, silvery white and splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; sometimes with more than 15 rows of obscure whitish stripes; 1st dorsal fin dark blue with black dots; 2nd dorsal fin dark blue; pectorals blackish brown, with tinges of silvery white in some specimens; pelvic fins blue-black with a black fin membrane; caudal fin blackish brown.
蓝黑色的上方, 银白色而且侧边上点缀着褐色, 下面银白色的; 有时有超过 15 列的暗微白色的斑纹; 第一背鳍深蓝色有黑色的点; 第二背鳍鳍深蓝色; 胸鳍暗褐色的, 藉由淡色银白色在一些标本中; 腹鳍蓝黑色的具有一个黑色的鳍薄膜; 尾鳍暗褐色的。
Usually above the thermocline. Its distribution varies seasonally, reaching higher latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres only during the respective warm seasons. Usually found in deep (over 100 m) blue water with surface temperatures over 22°C and salinities of 35 to 37 ppt. Currents of 0.5 to 2 knots occur over much of its habitat. Feeds on fishes and squids. Females grow larger (Ref. 4770). Flesh is of excellent quality. Marketed fresh and frozen.
通常在温水层之上。 它的分布季节性地改变,达成较高的纬度只有在分别的温暖季节期间在北部与南半球中。 用表面的温度超过 22 °C 与 35 到 37个 ppt 的盐度的通常发现于深的 (超过 100 公尺) 蓝色的水。 0.5 到 2个节的水流遍及许多的它的栖息地出现。 吃鱼与乌贼。 肉是有优良品质的。 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Migrates into subtropical waters to spawn, with peak spawning occurring in early summer. The spawning areas are found in deep and blue oceanic waters, generally at high temperatures ranging from 20° to 29°C except in the southern Atlantic gyrals, and high surface salinities (over 35 ppt). 大西洋: 概略地從 45個 ° N 到在東南方的大西洋的西南方的大西洋與 35個 °S 的 45個 °S。 來自地中海的紀錄, 而且從不列塔尼，法國似乎與一些迷路個體一致。 被歸類為了 '縮小的'.(參考文獻 12451) 它是不清楚的是否在大西洋有兩個分開的分枝或一個族群。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.7 - 27.9, mean 25.1 °C (based on 1614 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7505 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00193 - 0.01034), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.58; assuming tm >=2).
Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.36, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38 [16, 74] mg/100g; Iron = 1.1 [0.6, 2.1] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.6, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.225 [0.114, 0.444] g/100g; Selenium = 46.4 [22.1, 100.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.21 [1.14, 15.31] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.34 [0.22, 0.53] mg/100g (wet weight);
