分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 55219). 亞熱帶的; 22°C - ? (Ref. 12451); 47°N - 45°S, 99°W - 27°E (Ref. 55219)
Atlantic Ocean: roughly from 45°N to 45°S in the southwestern Atlantic and 35°S in the southeastern Atlantic. Records from the Mediterranean Sea, and from Bretagne, France seem to correspond to a few straying individuals. Classified as 'reduced' (Ref. 12451). It is unclear whether there are two separate stocks or a single population in the Atlantic. Highly migratory species.
大西洋: 概略地從 45個 ° N 到在東南方的大西洋的西南方的大西洋與 35個 °S 的 45個 °S。 來自地中海的紀錄, 而且從不列塔尼，法國似乎與一些迷路個體一致。 被歸類為了 '縮小的'.(參考文獻 12451) 它是不清楚的是否在大西洋有兩個分開的分枝或一個族群。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 164.0, range 130 - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4770); common length : 210 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 82.5 kg (Ref. 43)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 43 - 52; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 23. Blue-black above, silvery white and splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; sometimes with more than 15 rows of obscure whitish stripes; 1st dorsal fin dark blue with black dots; 2nd dorsal fin dark blue; pectorals blackish brown, with tinges of silvery white in some specimens; pelvic fins blue-black with a black fin membrane; caudal fin blackish brown.
藍黑色的上方, 銀白色而且側邊上點綴著褐色, 下面銀白色的; 有時有超過 15 列的暗微白色的斑紋; 第一背鰭深藍色有黑色的點; 第二背鰭鰭深藍色; 胸鰭暗褐色的, 藉由淡色銀白色在一些標本中; 腹鰭藍黑色的具有一個黑色的鰭薄膜; 尾鰭暗褐色的。
Usually above the thermocline. Its distribution varies seasonally, reaching higher latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres only during the respective warm seasons. Usually found in deep (over 100 m) blue water with surface temperatures over 22°C and salinities of 35 to 37 ppt. Currents of 0.5 to 2 knots occur over much of its habitat. Feeds on fishes and squids. Females grow larger (Ref. 4770). Flesh is of excellent quality. Marketed fresh and frozen.
通常在溫水層之上。 它的分布季節性地改變,達成較高的緯度只有在分別的溫暖季節期間在北部與南半球中。 用表面的溫度超過 22 °C 與 35 到 37個 ppt 的鹽度的通常發現於深的 (超過 100 公尺) 藍色的水。 0.5 到 2個節的水流遍及許多的它的棲息地出現。 吃魚與烏賊。 肉是有優良品質的。 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Migrates into subtropical waters to spawn, with peak spawning occurring in early summer. The spawning areas are found in deep and blue oceanic waters, generally at high temperatures ranging from 20° to 29°C except in the southern Atlantic gyrals, and high surface salinities (over 35 ppt). 大西洋: 概略地從 45個 ° N 到在東南方的大西洋的西南方的大西洋與 35個 °S 的 45個 °S。 來自地中海的紀錄, 而且從不列塔尼，法國似乎與一些迷路個體一致。 被歸類為了 '縮小的'.(參考文獻 12451) 它是不清楚的是否在大西洋有兩個分開的分枝或一個族群。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.7 - 27.9, mean 25.1 °C (based on 1614 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7505 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00193 - 0.01034), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.58; assuming tm >=2).
Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.36, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38 [16, 74] mg/100g; Iron = 1.1 [0.6, 2.1] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.6, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.225 [0.114, 0.444] g/100g; Selenium = 46.4 [22.1, 100.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.21 [1.14, 15.31] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.34 [0.22, 0.53] mg/100g (wet weight);
