分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Malapteruridae (Electric catfishes)
電鯰科 (Electric catfishes)
Etymology: Malapterurus: Greek, mala = a lot of + Greek, pteron = fin + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335); electricus: The electric discharging capacity of this electric catfish is described by the specific epithet (Ref. 44050).
More on author: Gmelin.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: ? - 20; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 23°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 35°N - 30°S
Africa: typical Sudanian distribution; in much of the Nile system (exclusive of Lake Victoria), Lake Turkana, Lake Chad and Senegal basins, throughout the Niger system and smaller southward flowing basins in west Africa, from Bandama through Volta rivers in Ivory Coast and Ghana (Ref. 44050). Absent from Congo basin; reports from Congo basin refer to any of the other species in this system (see Ref. 44050 for details).
非洲: 尼羅河與熱帶非洲 (除維多利亞湖與尚比西河的東非北方的河), 坦噶尼喀湖與可能 Malagarazi ，費爾南多波島島。 也已知來自中央的下游而尚比西河， Pungwe ，救援下游, 與在剛果河流域各處.(參考文獻 7248)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3850); 最大體重: 20.0 kg (Ref. 3799); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 7248)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 11; 脊椎骨: 38 - 41. Diagnosis: tooth patches narrow; pectoral fin placed near body mid-depth; 7-8 branched caudal fin rays (Ref. 44050). 9-11 anal-fin rays, usually 10-11; 38-41 total vertebrae, usually 39-41 (Ref. 57130). Caudal saddle and bar pattern not present in adults (Ref. 57130), poorly developed in all ages (Ref. 44050). Flank and dorsum in adults and young marked with large blotches (some up to 4-5 times eye diameter); caudal fin of adults generally same color as flank ground color or slightly darker, larger specimens usually with spots or blotches in caudal fin (Ref. 44050, 57130).
一個大的種可能達到 1 公尺或更多分之一標準體長.(參考文獻 34006)
Occur among rocks or roots. Favors sluggish or standing water. Active at night, feeding mainly on fish stunned by electric shocks. Described as a nocturnal piscivore that breeds during periods of high water; rarely feeds on molluscs (Ref. 44050). The electric organ, capable of discharging 300-400 V, is derived from pectoral muscle and surrounds almost the entire body. It is used both for prey capture and defense. Electric organ discharge (EOD) is intermittent and the amplitude increases with size of the fish (Ref. 10011). Responds immediately to cyclic light changes, exhibiting maximum EOD activity shortly after sunset and lowest activity just after sunrise (Ref. 10798). Its EOD duration decreased from 1.5 to 0.3 ms in response to increased temperature from 15 to 30°C (Ref. 10838). Adults form pairs and breed in excavated cavities or holes (Ref. 7248). Maximum size in Lake Chad reported as 1125mm SL, but most museum specimens much smaller (maximum 400mm SL, Nile River)(Ref. 57130).
在岩石或根之中生存; 喜歡滯流或靜止的水。 活躍的在晚上, 主要捕食被電擊打昏的魚。 發電器, 能夠排出 300-400 V, 從胸的肌肉被衍生而且幾乎包圍整個的身體。 它是使用過的由於獵物抓取與防衛。 發電器放電 (EOD) 是間歇的與那隨著魚的大小增加電流.(參考文獻 10011) 緊鄰回應就在日出之後在日落與最低的活動之後不久被展現最大的 EOD 活動的循環的光改變。 (參考文獻 10798) 它的 EOD 持續時間回應來自 15 到 30 °C 的增加的溫度從 1.5 到 0.3 ms 減少.(參考文獻 10838) 在挖的洞或洞中成對而且繁殖。 (參考文獻 7248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
It is assumed that the male tends the clutch. Others report that the male takes the eggs into his mouth. It is also unknown how the fry is immune to the electric shocks by the parents (Ref. 1672).非洲: 尼羅河與熱帶非洲 (除維多利亞湖與尚比西河的東非北方的河), 坦噶尼喀湖與可能 Malagarazi ，費爾南多波島島。 也已知來自中央的下游而尚比西河， Pungwe ，救援下游, 與在剛果河流域各處.(參考文獻 7248)
Roberts, T.R., 2000. A review of the African electric catfish family Malapteruridae, with descriptions of new species. Occas. Pap. Ichthyol. 1:1-15. (Ref. 34006)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00793 - 0.01588), b=2.96 (2.86 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=10; Fec < 1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.9 [27.2, 92.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.14 [0.65, 2.02] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [15.2, 17.6] %; Omega3 = 0.382 [0.141, 1.050] g/100g; Selenium = 119 [46, 264] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.3 [11.4, 99.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.82, 1.79] mg/100g (wet weight);
