Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae
Etymology: Dasyatis: Greek, dasys = rough, dense (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 200 m (Ref. 6808), usually 20 - 35 m (Ref. 27000). 亞熱帶的; 61°N - 17°S, 32°W - 42°E
East Atlantic and the Mediterranean and Black Sea, from the North Sea to Angola.
東北大西洋與地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 54.3, range 41 - ? cm
Max length : 69.5 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 123699); 最大体重: 10.2 kg (Ref. 123699)
A coastal species, which enters coastal lagoons, shallow bays and estuaries (Ref. 81259). Found over sandy and muddy bottoms, sometimes near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bottom fishes, crustaceans and mollusks. Ovoviviparous, gestation period about 4 months and 4-7 young are produced. Wings marketed smoked, dried-salted, and also used for fishmeal and oil. Harmful to shellfish banks; dangerous to bathers and fishers due to its poisonous spine. Barbed poison spine is a modified denticle that can be 35cm long, shed occasionally and replaced (Ref. 35388). Maximum reported width about 150 cm (Ref. 81259).
发现在沙泥底上了, 有时在河口与邻近岩礁中.(参考文献 12951) 吃底栖无脊椎动物与鱼类。 卵胎生的, 妊娠时期大约 4个月与 4-7个幼鱼生产。 翼在市场上销售烟熏, 乾燥盐腌 , 以及制成鱼浆与油。 对贝浅堆有害; 对游泳者有危险，而且渔夫由于它的有毒棘。 吃底层鱼类，甲壳动物与软件动物。 有刺的毒棘是一个进化修改后的细齿能成为 35 公分长, 偶然地脱落而且取代了.(参考文献 35388)
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).東北大西洋與地中海。
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.7 - 26.1, mean 12.2 °C (based on 352 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00443 - 0.01240), b=2.99 (2.85 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.63 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=4-7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.1 [1.7, 252.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.696 [0.063, 8.002] mg/100g; Protein = 21.3 [18.7, 24.0] %; Omega3 = 0.263 [0.085, 0.750] g/100g; Selenium = 22 [4, 104] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.14 [0.64, 75.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.591 [0.039, 6.718] mg/100g (wet weight);
