Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री बेनथोपिलाजिक; गहराई सीमा 1 - 50 m. Tropical; 27°N - 18°S, 112°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California, Mexico to Ecuador.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm FL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9283); common length : 25.0 cm FL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9283)
Body short, deep, and strongly compressed; lower branch of first gill arch with 29 to 34 gill rakers; dorsal fin with 8 spines followed by another spine and 20 to 23 soft rays (VIII+1,20-23); anterior lobes of second dorsal and anal fins very long in adults; anterior dorsal spines greatly prolonged in juveniles; body scaleless; lateral line scutes very weak and poorly differentiated; body golden or silvery with metallic blue highlights; juveniles yellowish, with indistinct, interrupted, dark, transverse bars (Ref. 55763).
Adults are found in shallow coastal waters in small schools near the bottom (Ref. 9283). They feed on small squids, shrimps, polychaetes and small fishes (Ref. 9283). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 9283). Depth range assumed (RF).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21 - 28.4, mean 26 °C (based on 50 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01098 - 0.03157), b=2.80 (2.66 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 124 [64, 264] mg/100g; Iron = 1.1 [0.6, 2.4] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [14.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.189 [0.093, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 56.5 [27.7, 135.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.5, 61.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.989 [0.640, 1.569] mg/100g (wet weight);
