Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Parastromateus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, stromatos = a fish flattened body with a lot of colours (Stromateus sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο Υφαλόφιλο(α); αμφίδρομο (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 15 - 105 m (Ref. 12260), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 54702). Tropical; 42°N - 30°S, 32°E - 154°E

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Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 23.0, range 22 - 24 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5284); common length : 30.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 3287)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 2 - 6; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 41 - 46; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 35 - 40; Σπόνδυλοι: 24. Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish.

Adults inhabit coastal areas with muddy substrate. Found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night. They also enter estuaries (Ref. 1479). Normally form large schools (Ref. 5213). Swim on its side near the surface (Ref. 3197). Feed on zooplankton (Ref. 30573). Excellent food fish (Ref. 3197); marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Συνεργάτες

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 July 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό

FAO - αλιεία: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

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Trophic ecology
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Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Θηρευτές

Ecology
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Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
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Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
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Physiology
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Nutrients
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Swimming speeds
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Ήχοι ψαριών
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Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Γενετική
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Human related
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Προφίλ υδατοκαλλιεργειών
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

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Κοινά ονόματα
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Summary page | Σημειακά στοιχεία | Κοινά ονόματα | Photos

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1436 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.02118 - 0.03119), b=2.89 (2.83 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 2.9 ±0.35 se; based on food items.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.6; Fec=1,692).

Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 15 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 125 [23, 264] mg/100g; Iron = 0.892 [0.342, 2.262] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.065, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 50.6 [24.2, 118.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.8 [6.4, 116.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.594 [0.337, 1.944] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795)