分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 ? - 100 m (Ref. 9710). 热带; 36°N - 30°S, 32°E - 174°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and the East Africa to Palau and New Caledonia, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands (Ref. 559, 26066), south to Australia. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
印度-西太平洋: 红海与东非到帛琉与新加勒多尼亚, 北至琉球与小笠原群岛 (参考文献 559,26066), 南至澳洲。 最近记录自东加。 (参考文献 53797)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3678); common length : 90.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 18.0 kg (Ref. 3287)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 25 - 30; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 21 - 26; 脊椎骨: 24. This species is distinguished by having the following characters: body subovate and compressed, becoming elongate-ovate and slightly subcylindrical with age; profile of head and nape slightly angular becoming more steep with age; mouth cleft of adults distinctly below level of eye; D1 VIII, D2 I,25-30, lobe of second dorsal fin shorter than head length; A II (2 detached spines) + I, 21-26 (rarely 25 or 26); gill rakers (including rudiments) 6-8 + 17-21 = 22-27; vertebrae 10 + 14; straight part of lateral line with 18-27 scales followed by 15-21 small scutes; breast naked ventrally to distinctly behind origin of pelvic fins; breast squamation variable laterally, either separated from naked base of pectoral fins by a moderate to very narrow band of scales or naked area of breast uninterrupted to naked base of pectoral fins; colour of adults iridescent blue-green above, silvery below; with numerous small gold or brassy spots mainly on dorsal half; large adult with 3 (to 5) irregular black blotches on flanks (sometimes very indistinct or absent, the first below dorsal-fin lobe, the second at inflection point of lateral line, and the third slightly anterior to midpoint of straight part of lateral line (Ref. 9894, 90102).
蓝绿色的上方, 下面银色的; 在侧边上有黄铜色的斑点; 大的标本有 3个黑色的斑块在侧面上形成一列.(参考文献 3197) LL 有 15-21个鳞甲。
Adults prefer rocky and coral reef areas, but also found on offshore banks (Ref. 30573). They occur singly or in small to large schools (Ref. 9710, 48635, 90102). They feed on small invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 5213).
偏爱岩石的与珊瑚礁区域, 也发现于近海浅堆.(参考文献 30573) 各别地 (参考文献 48635) 或在大群鱼群中发现。 (参考文献 9710) 吃小型无脊椎动物与鱼。 (参考文献 5213)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 红海与东非到帛琉与新加勒多尼亚, 北至琉球与小笠原群岛 (参考文献 559,26066), 南至澳洲。 最近记录自东加。 (参考文献 53797)
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 29.1, mean 27.9 °C (based on 2214 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00973 - 0.02465), b=2.89 (2.76 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.5 [10.9, 34.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.933 [0.428, 1.823] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [17.8, 22.5] %; Omega3 = 0.158 [0.094, 0.266] g/100g; Selenium = 12.9 [6.3, 25.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 42.1 [7.5, 259.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.536 [0.287, 1.204] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
