Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক রীফ সংশ্লিষ্ট; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 1 - 60 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 30°N - 37°S, 19°E - 167°W
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Samoa (Ref. 592) and Tonga (Ref. 53797), north to Japan, south to Australia (Ref. 3197) and New Caledonia (Ref. 9070).
আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 90102); common length : 30.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 5450)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 8 - 9; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 20 - 23; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 16 - 20. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D1 VII-VIII, D2 I,20-23 (usually 22 or 23); lobe of second dorsal fin filamentous in young, becoming shorter with age, in mature adults distinctly shorter than head length (larger than 25 cm fork length, height of second dorsal-fin lobe usually shorter than head length, and slightly to distinctly shorter than anal-fin lobe); A II + I,16-20; gill rakers including rudiments 5-8 + 15-19 = 21-27; straight part of lateral line with 16-20 scutes, and 31 to 50 total elements (including anterior scales); breast naked ventrally to distinctly behind origin of pelvic fins; laterally, naked area of breast typically extends diagonally to naked base of pectoral fins (rarely, naked areas of breast and pectoral-fin base interrupted laterally by a narrow band of scales); jaws with bands of villiform teeth, the bands widest anteriorly; in life, bluish green above, silvery grey below; sides with numerous, small yellow spots and a small black blotch on upper margin of opercle; second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins dusky, the latter sometimes yellowish; pectoral fins pale yellow; pelvic fins hyaline to pale grey (Ref. 9894); often with 5 diffuse dark bars (Ref. 90102).
Adults are found in deep coastal reefs and rarely inshore (Ref 3197). They are usually in small groups over sand bottoms near reefs (Ref. 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | প্রজনন | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | শুককীট
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক ; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28.9, mean 27.8 °C (based on 782 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01580 - 0.04380), b=2.91 (2.77 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): উচ্চ, সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৫ মাস (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.8 [17.4, 84.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.57, 3.03] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.1, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.139 [0.073, 0.277] g/100g; Selenium = 9.3 [4.1, 23.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65.9 [10.8, 428.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.562 [0.291, 1.246] mg/100g (wet weight);
