Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Monotaxis: Greek, monos = one + Greek, taxis = disposition (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ບໍ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 100 m (Ref. 9710), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9775). Tropical; 35°N - 30°S, 32°E - 122°W

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and southeastern Oceania, north to Japan, south to Australia.

Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: L_m 27.5, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2295); common length : 40.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2295); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 5.9 kg (Ref. 40637)

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 10; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 10; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body oblong, greatest body depth of adults about 2.2 in SL; head profile strongly convex in front of eye, the snout sloping steeply; eye large 2.7 (juveniles) to 3.8 (adults) in HL; inner surface of the pectoral fin base is densely scaled; pectoral rays usually 14; caudal fin forked with pointed tips; lateral line scales 44-47; scale rows above lateral line (to base of middle dorsal spines) 5, below (to origin of anal fin) 13.5; side of jaw with row of 5-7 molariform teeth. Color of adult silvery grey with narrow dark scale margins, lips yellowish, a large black blotch covering pectoral fin axil, quick to assume pattern of 4 broad, blackish bars on body, the pale interspaces covering 3-4 scale rows; juveniles with black bar through eye, body with 3 dark brown to blackish bars with the 2 posterior bars extending onto the dorsal fin, and each lobe of caudal fin with an orange band (Ref. 2295, 90102).

Found in sand and rubble areas near coral reefs. Solitary fish are often encountered, but large adults usually form aggregations of up to about 50 individuals (Ref. 9710). Solitary or in groups (Ref. 90102). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Nocturnal feeders (Ref. 9710). Feed mainly on gastropods, ophiuroids, and echinoids. Pagurids and brachyuran crabs, polychaetes, tunicates, and holothurians are consumed in lesser quantities. Caught mainly with gillnets, traps, spears, and handlines (Ref. 2295). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775). Ciguatoxic in Marshall Is. (Ref. 171). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 March 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)

Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ; ຕູ້ປາ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ

FAO - ການປະມົງ: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | ທະເລອ້ອມຂ້າງພວກເຮົາ

ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Trophic ecology
ລາຍການອາຫານ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
ຜູ້ລ້າ

Ecology
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ

Distribution
ປະເທດ
ເຂດ FAO
ລະບົບນິເວດ
ການປະກົດຕົວ
ການແນະນຳ
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
ສະໝອງ
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
ປະເພດການລອຍ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
ສຽງຂອງປາ
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
ກຳມະພັນ
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
ຂໍ້ມູນການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ
ສາຍພັນ
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Taxonomy
ຊື່ສາມັນ
ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ
ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ
ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…
ຮູບ

References
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ

ເຄື່ອງມື

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນ | ຊື່ສາມັນ | Photos

ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.6 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1440 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.01670 - 0.02866), b=2.95 (2.87 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 13.8 [7.7, 30.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.142 [0.080, 0.282] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.5, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0686 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 72.3 [36.9, 142.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 56.8 [17.8, 158.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.438 [0.335, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775)