分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Gymnocranius: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kranion = skull (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 15 - 50 m (Ref. 2295). 熱帶; 35°N - 28°S, 105°E - 170°W
Western Pacific: including southern Japan, South China Sea, Australia, Coral Sea, New Caledonia, and Tonga. Recently reported from Norfolk Island (Ref. 8881).
西太平洋: 包括日本南部，南中國海，澳洲，珊瑚海，新加勒多尼亞與東加。 最近記錄自諾福克島。 (參考文獻 8881)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2295)
背棘 (总数) : 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 10.
眼是相当大的, 它的下缘在相当上面距离一条线从吻尖到尾叉中央。 尾鳍是适度分叉而且具有钝的顶端。 整体的色彩是银白色到浅灰色的。 背部的鳞片与侧边有一个小的褐色基部的斑点。 突出的黑色斑块是分散的主要在前半部的身体。 一条非常模糊的横带有时候有对颊部的下面边缘的眼睛下面。 鳍有时是清澈的到淡红的，尾鳍暗色的红褐色的。 模糊的斑点可能是显着的在背鳍、尾鳍与臀鳍上。
Occurs over sand and rubble areas adjacent to rock and coral reefs in lagoons and outer slopes (Ref. 9775, 90102). Feeds on bottom-dwelling gastropods. Also caught with bottom longlines and handlines (Ref. 9775). Marketed fresh.
生活在沙子与碎石区邻近岩石与珊瑚礁之上。 吃底栖的腹足动物。 也用底部延绳钓与手执的钓丝捕获。 (参考文献 9775) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西太平洋: 包括日本南部，南中國海，澳洲，珊瑚海，新加勒多尼亞與東加。 最近記錄自諾福克島。 (參考文獻 8881)
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 28.9, mean 27.6 °C (based on 408 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01079 - 0.03365), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.4 [17.3, 63.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.264, 0.793] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.074, 0.185] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [19.8, 56.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 75.8 [23.9, 221.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.78, 1.48] mg/100g (wet weight);
