分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Gymnocranius: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kranion = skull (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 15 - 50 m (Ref. 2295). 熱帶; 35°N - 28°S, 105°E - 170°W
Western Pacific: including southern Japan, South China Sea, Australia, Coral Sea, New Caledonia, and Tonga. Recently reported from Norfolk Island (Ref. 8881).
西太平洋: 包括日本南部，南中國海，澳洲，珊瑚海，新加勒多尼亞與東加。 最近記錄自諾福克島。 (參考文獻 8881)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10.
眼是相當大的, 它的下緣在相當上面距離一條線從吻尖到尾叉中央。 尾鰭是適度分叉而且具有鈍的頂端。 整體的色彩是銀白色到淺灰色的。 背部的鱗片與側邊有一個小的褐色基部的斑點。 突出的黑色斑塊是分散的主要在前半部的身體。 一條非常模糊的橫帶有時候有對頰部的下面邊緣的眼睛下面。 鰭有時是清澈的到淡紅的，尾鰭暗色的紅褐色的。 模糊的斑點可能是顯著的在背鰭、尾鰭與臀鰭上。
Occurs over sand and rubble areas adjacent to rock and coral reefs in lagoons and outer slopes (Ref. 9775, 90102). Feeds on bottom-dwelling gastropods. Also caught with bottom longlines and handlines (Ref. 9775). Marketed fresh.
生活在沙子與碎石區鄰近岩石與珊瑚礁之上。 吃底棲的腹足動物。 也用底部延繩釣與手執的釣絲捕獲。 (參考文獻 9775) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西太平洋: 包括日本南部，南中國海，澳洲，珊瑚海，新加勒多尼亞與東加。 最近記錄自諾福克島。 (參考文獻 8881)
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 28.9, mean 27.6 °C (based on 408 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01079 - 0.03365), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.4 [17.3, 63.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.264, 0.793] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.074, 0.185] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [19.8, 56.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 75.8 [23.9, 221.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.78, 1.48] mg/100g (wet weight);
