Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 5 - 200 m (Ref. 7345), usually 5 - 40 m (Ref. 27115). Tropical; 20°C - 25°C (Ref. 27115); 31°N - 15°S, 27°W - 14°E
Eastern Atlantic: from the coasts of Morocco to Angola (Ref. 3149); including Cape Verde archipelagos and the Canaries. Also recorded from southern Spain, Tunisia, Algeria, Israel and Greece (Ref. 112505).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3148); common length : 38.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3148)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 24 - 26; شوكة شرجية: 6; أشعه شرجية لينه: 24 - 26. Caudal peduncle spine surrounded by a bright orange-yellow spot.
Coastal species found in the mouth of rivers and lagoons (Ref. 7345). Found on rocky and coral bottoms (Ref. 2683). Feeds on zooplankton, phytoplankton and detritus (Ref. 28587). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 27115.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Desoutter, M., 1990. Acanthuridae. p. 962-964. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7345)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.9 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 118 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.01279 - 0.03743), b=2.95 (2.81 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.24 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 111 [44, 405] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.44, 3.00] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.7, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.090, 0.472] g/100g; Selenium = 36.1 [11.5, 135.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [3.2, 30.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.57 [0.84, 5.10] mg/100g (wet weight);
