Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien bathypelagisch; diepte 100 - 700 m (Ref. 4769). Deep-water; 45°N - 37°S
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola including the Azores and the Mediterranean. Also off southern Africa extending from the Atlantic slopes area to about 8°W, southern limit to about 37°S (Ref. 3991). Western Central Atlantic: 20°N - 5°S.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.4 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 126117); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 16.60 g (Ref. 126117)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 14 - 15; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 28 - 31. Dark dorsally, flanks silver; distinctive gular pigment patch (Ref. 3991). Dorsal adipose fin present.
Exhibits diel vertical migrations, juveniles and adults in 400-700 m by day and 100-200 m by night (Ref. 4769). Photophores developing in fishes over 18-35 mm SL (Ref. 4769).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Quéro, J.-C., J.C. Njock and M.M. de la Hoz, 1990. Gonostomatidae. p. 283-292. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4463)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van geen belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.8 - 19.6, mean 14.1 °C (based on 398 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00220 - 0.00828), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.6 [7.4, 143.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.422 [0.122, 1.414] mg/100g; Protein = 2.7 [0.0, 6.6] %; Omega3 = 0.172 [0.050, 0.603] g/100g; Selenium = 8.15 [2.10, 32.85] μg/100g; VitaminA = 41.5 [5.0, 331.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.758 [0.337, 1.872] mg/100g (wet weight);
