Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 5 - 150 m (Ref. 27000), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 91154). Subtropical; 50°N - 16°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Mauritania (Ref. 5377), including the Canary, and Azores. Also from the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 17.3, range 16 - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5506); common length : 25.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5506); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 16 سال ها (Ref. 91154)
Found on rocky bottom and on Posidonia beds. Feed on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5506). Also found in muddy and algal or seagrass overgrown substrates. Reported to be a simultaneous hermaphrodite, which tends to spawn from early spring to early summer (Ref. 91154).
Tortonese, E., 1986. Serranidae. p. 780-792. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 5506)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.1 - 21, mean 18.4 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00830 - 0.01151), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.22-0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 75.5 [30.7, 150.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.921 [0.503, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.5, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.4 [0.3, 0.7] g/100g; Selenium = 26.7 [14.2, 51.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.7 [6.4, 69.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.772 [0.552, 1.131] mg/100g (wet weight);
