分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 300 m (Ref. 9563). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 41°S, 18°W - 179°E
Circumglobal: Atlantic (northern coast of Iberian peninsula to South Africa, also Madeira and western Mediterranean) and Indo-Pacific: southern Mozambique to South Africa; north to Japan, south to Australasia.
東大西洋: 伊伯利亞半島到南非的北海岸, 也馬得拉群島與地中海西部。 西印度洋: 莫三比克南部到南非。 西太平洋: 日本與大洋洲。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3972); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397)
Body olive green to brown above, paler below; head pores black; young silvery (Ref. 3972).
身体上方橄榄绿色的到褐色, 腹面灰白的; 头部孔黑色; 幼鱼银色的.(参考文献 3972)
Inhabiting the continental shelf on sand or mud bottom (Ref. 4455). Buried with only its head exposed (Ref. 27121). Also found in estuaries (Ref. 9563).
栖息于在沙或泥底部上的大陆架。 (参考文献 4455) 埋藏只有它的暴露出头部.(参考文献 27121) 也发现于河口。 (参考文献 9563)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 伊伯利亞半島到南非的北海岸, 也馬得拉群島與地中海西部。 西印度洋: 莫三比克南部到南非。 西太平洋: 日本與大洋洲。
Bauchot, M.-L., 1986. Ophichthidae (including Echelidae). p. 577-585. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 6522)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 27.4, mean 19.7 °C (based on 1148 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00071 (0.00040 - 0.00124), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.5 [4.7, 48.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.692 [0.254, 2.830] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.272 [0.123, 0.723] g/100g; Selenium = 41.9 [11.4, 112.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.34 [1.45, 12.72] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.534 [0.270, 1.002] mg/100g (wet weight);
