Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; intervalo de profundidade ? - 300 m (Ref. 9563). Subtropical; 46°N - 41°S, 18°W - 179°E
Circumglobal: Atlantic (northern coast of Iberian peninsula to South Africa, also Madeira and western Mediterranean) and Indo-Pacific: southern Mozambique to South Africa; north to Japan, south to Australasia.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3972); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3397)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Body olive green to brown above, paler below; head pores black; young silvery (Ref. 3972).
Inhabiting the continental shelf on sand or mud bottom (Ref. 4455). Buried with only its head exposed (Ref. 27121). Also found in estuaries (Ref. 9563).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Bauchot, M.-L., 1986. Ophichthidae (including Echelidae). p. 577-585. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 6522)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 27.4, mean 19.7 °C (based on 1148 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00071 (0.00040 - 0.00124), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.5 [4.7, 48.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.692 [0.254, 2.830] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.272 [0.123, 0.723] g/100g; Selenium = 41.9 [11.4, 112.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.34 [1.45, 12.72] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.534 [0.270, 1.002] mg/100g (wet weight);
