Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βαθυπελαγικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 0 - 4740 m (Ref. 58018), usually 500 - ? m (Ref. 36655). Deep-water; 63°N - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal: In tropical to temperate waters; except Arctic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea and west of the Canary Islands. Eastern Pacific: California Current region (Ref. 36655). Western Pacific: Kuril Island (Ref. 52443). South China Sea (Ref.74511).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 4.0, range 3 - 7.3 cm
Max length : 7.3 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4241)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 2 - 3; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10 - 13; Εδρικές άκανθες: 1; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 7 - 9; Σπόνδυλοι: 24. Dark brown body; black head, mouth, and branchial cavity; pigmented fins. Transverse rows of scales, 28 (Ref. 31511). Gill rakers on the first arch, 14-17 (Ref. 37108).
Mesopelagic and bathypelagic at 340-1200 m depth (Ref. 36665). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 36655). Significant morphological variation between Indo-Pacific and other populations.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Ebeling, A.W., 1986. Melamphaidae. p. 427-432. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4241)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: χωρίς ενδιαφέρον
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.3 - 5, mean 1.8 °C (based on 10291 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00451 - 0.02668), b=3.10 (2.89 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
