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> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Pristigasteridae (Pristigasterids)
Etymology: Chirocentrodon: Greek, cheir = hand + Greek, kentron = sting + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Poey.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा; गहराई सीमा 20 - 60 m (Ref. 12225). Tropical; 24°N - 25°S, 90°W - 32°W (Ref. 188)

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Western Atlantic: Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad; Panama and coasts of Venezuela, including off Orinoco mouth, Guyana, Suriname south to Ubatuba, near Santos, Brazil. Antilles and southern Caribbean from Yucatan to Santos, Brazil (Ref. 26938).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m 7.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.1 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 118626); common length : 9.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5217); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 19.30 g (Ref. 118626)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 38 - 44. Belly with 16 or 17 (rarely 19) + 9 to 11, total 26 to 28 (rarely 30) scutes. Lower jaw not strongly projecting; strong conical teeth in both jaws, continued as large and small teeth along maxilla blade. Easily recognized by large, canine-like teeth in both jaws (Ref. 26938). Dorsal fin origin behind midpoint of body; anal fin moderately long, its origin below or in front of dorsal fin origin.

Occurs in coastal areas, but also in lagoons and off river mouths, perhaps entering water of lowered salinity (Ref. 12225). In Southwestern Atlantic preys on proportionally large clupeoid fishes and caridean shrimps. Fishes are distinctively folded in the stomachs of this herring, in about 90% of the cases with their heads and tails pointing head-wards the predator. This herring stands out as the only small-sized species among the predaceous fish-eating clupeiforms. The well developed canine-like teeth are likely related to a piscivorous diet and may play a role in the folding and orientation of fish during prey handling and swallowing (Ref. 51383). Spawns during the northern winter (Ref. 37032).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 March 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: निर्वाह मात्स्यिकी

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.2 - 27.7, mean 27.1 °C (based on 45 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00298 - 0.00611), b=3.02 (2.92 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.43 se; based on food items.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867)