Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; zoet water; brak water; anadroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). Tropical; 24°N - 10°S, 70°E - 118°E (Ref. 188)
Indo-Pacific: Indian Ocean (Bombay to Bay of Bengal and Andaman coast of Thailand), Java Sea (off Java, Singapore). Sarawak, `Cochinchina' and Macao specimens (Ref. 6393) should be rechecked.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.5 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 108866)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 38 - 53. Body rather deep, belly with 19 to 23 + 8 to 12, total 28 to 35 (usually 30 to 34) scutes. Eye large, lower jaw strongly projecting. Dorsal fin origin near midpoint of body; anal fin origin below hind part of dorsal fin base. Swim bladder with a single long tube passing back down right side of body above anal fin base. No toothed hypo-maxilla.
An inshore species, but apparently occurs also in rivers (Ganges at Allahabad and rivers of eastern Uttar Pradesh, but not in Velar estuary). Ascends into the upper end of the tidal zone (Ref. 12693). Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, amphipods, occasionally polychaetes, tunicates and small amounts of algae and diatoms.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
Download XML
Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.7 - 29.3, mean 28.8 °C (based on 614 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00549 - 0.01261), b=2.96 (2.84 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 132 [81, 261] mg/100g; Iron = 1.39 [0.82, 2.19] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.362 [0.193, 0.677] g/100g; Selenium = 41.4 [22.1, 83.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [7.0, 42.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.68 [1.23, 2.33] mg/100g (wet weight);
