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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Nematalosa: Greek, nema, -atos = filament + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 3 m (Ref. 6390). 亞熱帶的; 15°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 11°S - 37°S
Oceania and Asia: Rivers of Australia and southwestern Papua New Guinea (from Fortescue River near Dampier Archipelago in Western Australia, eastward in rivers through the Northern Territory and Queensland south to the Murray-Darling system; also the Finke River, affluent to Lake Eyre; Bensbach River (Ref. 6993) and Digoel River in New Guinea.
大洋洲與亞洲: 澳洲的河與西南方的巴布亞新幾內亞 (從在丹皮爾列島的附近在西澳大利亞的佛特斯裘河, 在河經過北部地區與昆士蘭省的向東南至墨累－達令流域; 也 Finke 河, 愛麗湖的支流; 在新幾內亞的 Bensbach 河 (參考文獻 6993) 與 Digoel 河。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 18.3, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6390)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 26. Belly with 14 to 18 (usually 16 to 17) - 11 to 14 (usually 12 or 13), total 25 to 31 (usually 20 to 30) scutes. Anterior arm of pre-operculum with fleshy triangular area above, not covered by third infra-orbital bone (see N. come). Edge of lower jaw strongly flared outward. Pectoral axillary scale rudimentary or absent. Hind edge of scales not toothed. A dark spot behind gill opening.
腹面有 14 到 18-(通常 16 到 17) 11 到 14(通常 12 或 13), 總數 25 到 31(通常 20 到 30)個鱗甲。 前臂預先鰓蓋有肉質的三角形的區域在上面, 不被第三個下眼窩骨蓋著.(見 N. 被來 ) 下頜的邊緣向外呈大喇叭形。 胸的腋窩鱗片不發達或不存在。 鱗片的後緣沒有齒的。 在鰓裂後面的一個深色斑點。
Occur often far up rivers, but also in estuaries and in Lakes Alexandrina and Albert near mouth of a river (Ref. 188). Most commonly inhabit streams coursing through relatively dry eucalyptus-scrub or desert areas, preferring sluggish or quiet waters (Ref. 5259, 44894). Also found in saline lakes (slightly less salty than sea water). Tolerant of water temperatures between 9° and 38°C and pH 4.8-8.6. Although these fish have a wide tolerance of temperature and pH, they are susceptible to oxygen depletion and are usually the first to perish when ephemeral habitats begin to dry up. Common length is 15-20 cm (Ref. 44894). Frequently noted in large shoals that feed on benthic algae; also feed on insects and small crustaceans. Spawning may occur repeatedly in the north with a peak during the wet season; probably annual in the south (Ref. 5259, 44894).
時常出現在河川最上游, 也在一條河口附近的河口與湖 Alexandrina 與艾伯特湖中.(參考文獻 188) 大部分通常居住於流經相當乾的尤加利樹區或沙漠地帶的溪流,偏愛緩動性或安靜的水域。 時常在大群魚群那吃底部藻類者中被記錄到; 也吃昆蟲與小型甲殼動物。 產卵可能重複地在向北中出現在濕季的時候具有一個高峰; 可能全年在南方.(參考文獻 5259)
In more northerly part of its range, spawning may take place several times over the year but is probably annual in southern localities.大洋洲與亞洲: 澳洲的河與西南方的巴布亞新幾內亞 (從在丹皮爾列島的附近在西澳大利亞的佛特斯裘河, 在河經過北部地區與昆士蘭省的向東南至墨累－達令流域; 也 Finke 河, 愛麗湖的支流; 在新幾內亞的 Bensbach 河 (參考文獻 6993) 與 Digoel 河。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00414 - 0.01268), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=33,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
