Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes, 1847)
Toli shad
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Tenualosa toli AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Tenualosa toli
画像によって Randall, J.E.
画像 | グーグルの画像
画像によって Randall, J.E.
分類 / 名前 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Tenualosa: Latin, tenuis = thin + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Etymology: Tenualosa: Latin, tenuis = thin + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
海; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の pelagic-neritic; 昇流魚 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 10 - ? m (Ref. 26929). Tropical; 23°N - 7°S, 70°E - 119°E (Ref. 54917)
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
Indo-West Pacific: India to the Java Sea and the South China Sea. Newly recorded from Mauritius (Ref. 33390). May be found in Cambodian Mekong near the Viet Nam border (Ref. 12693).
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 29.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 12693); common length : 40.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 4832); 最大記録サイズ: 2.00 年 (Ref. 26929)
Max length : 60.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 12693); common length : 40.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 4832); 最大記録サイズ: 2.00 年 (Ref. 26929)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 0. Belly with 28 to 30 scutes. A distinct median notch in upper jaw, which distinguishes it from other similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee. Gill rakers fine but not numerous, 60 to 100 on lower part of arch. Caudal fin short. At most, a dark diffuse mark behind gill opening, but no other spots on flank.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent coastal waters (Ref. 26929). Schooling in coastal waters, euryhaline and perhaps anadromous, ascending rivers to breed (but in some areas fishery workers claim that it does not). A protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Presumably its biology is similar to that of T. ilisha, but the fewer gill rakers suggest that it takes larger food organisms. Reported to feed on zooplankton (Ref. 58784). More data needed especially since it is not always distinguished from T. ilisha, especially at juvenile stages. Marketed fresh or dried-salted.
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
A semelparous species, but although each individual spawns only once and then dies, the spawning season for the species as a whole lasts from May to November (Ref. 26929). A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Sex change occurs at a length of 11.0 cm TL and 1.24 years of age (Ref. 55367).
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
脆弱 (VU) (B2ab(iii,v)); Date assessed: 06 March 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
Harmless
人間の用途
水産業: 高い商業の
FAO - 水産業: 着陸, 種の外形; Publication: search | FishSource | 私達の周りの海
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モデルに基づく推定値
好ましい温度 (参照 123201): 27.1 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 466 cells).
系統多様性指数 (参照 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00589 - 0.01548), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (参照 69278): 2.5 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
回復力 (参照 120179): 高い, １５か月以下の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.7; assuming tmax>3, fec > 10,000).
栄養素 (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 75.7 [56.7, 102.9] mg/100g; Iron = 2.21 [1.28, 3.67] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [16.1, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.553 [0.268, 1.150] g/100g; Selenium = 50 [21, 122] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.2 [4.8, 42.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.19 [0.77, 1.98] mg/100g (wet weight);