You can sponsor this page

Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes, 1847)

Toli shad
把你的觀察加入 Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Tenualosa toli   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
上傳你的 相片 和 影像
Pictures | Google 影像
Image of Tenualosa toli (Toli shad)
Tenualosa toli
Picture by Randall, J.E.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Tenualosa: Latin, tenuis = thin + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 26929). 熱帶; 23°N - 7°S, 70°E - 119°E (Ref. 54917)

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: India to the Java Sea and the South China Sea. Newly recorded from Mauritius (Ref. 33390). May be found in Cambodian Mekong near the Viet Nam border (Ref. 12693).
印度-西太平洋: 印度到爪哇海與南中國海。 最近從模里西斯記錄。 (參考文獻 33390) 可能被發現於在越南邊緣附近的高棉湄公河。 (參考文獻 12693)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 29.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12693); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4832); 最大年齡: 2.00 年 (Ref. 26929)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Belly with 28 to 30 scutes. A distinct median notch in upper jaw, which distinguishes it from other similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee. Gill rakers fine but not numerous, 60 to 100 on lower part of arch. Caudal fin short. At most, a dark diffuse mark behind gill opening, but no other spots on flank.
腹面有 28 到 30個鱗甲。 除了 Hilsa kelee 以外,在上頜中的一個明顯的中央凹槽,可用來與其他的相似鯡魚區別。 鰓耙細的但是不是很多,60 到 100 在弓的較下面的部位上。 尾鰭短。 最多, 在鰓裂後面的一個黑的擴散標誌, 但是沒有在側面上的其他的斑點。

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent coastal waters (Ref. 26929). Schooling in coastal waters, euryhaline and perhaps anadromous, ascending rivers to breed (but in some areas fishery workers claim that it does not). A protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Presumably its biology is similar to that of T. ilisha, but the fewer gill rakers suggest that it takes larger food organisms. Reported to feed on zooplankton (Ref. 58784). More data needed especially since it is not always distinguished from T. ilisha, especially at juvenile stages. Marketed fresh or dried-salted.

棲息於快速流動又混濁的河口與毗連的沿岸水域。 (參考文獻 26929) 群游於沿岸水域, 廣鹽性與也許溯河洄游產卵的, 溯溪產卵.(但是在一些地區漁場工人要求那一個它不會) 一個雄性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 55367) 它的生物學特性是推測為類似 T. ilisha, 但是較少的鰓耙顯示出,它捕食較大的獵物。 報告的覓食浮游動物.(參考文獻 58784) 由於它是與不常區分的 T. ilisha ,需要更多的資料尤其, 尤其在幼齡期。 在市場上銷售生鮮地.或乾燥鹽醃。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

A semelparous species, but although each individual spawns only once and then dies, the spawning season for the species as a whole lasts from May to November (Ref. 26929). A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Sex change occurs at a length of 11.0 cm TL and 1.24 years of age (Ref. 55367).印度-西太平洋: 印度到爪哇海與南中國海。 最近從模里西斯記錄。 (參考文獻 33390) 可能被發現於在越南邊緣附近的高棉湄公河。 (參考文獻 12693)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  次級保育類動物, 見 IUCN 紅皮書 (VU) (B2ab(iii,v)); Date assessed: 06 March 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 高經濟性
FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生態學
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
長度-頻率
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
仔魚
稚魚動力學
Distribution
國家
FAO區域
生態系
發現紀錄
簡介
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
腦重體重比
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
游泳類型
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚的聲音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺傳學
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水產養殖描述
品種
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
合作者
References
參考文獻

工具

特別的報告

下載 XML

網路資源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因組, 核甘 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 國家資料庫 | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: , 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 27.1 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 466 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5312   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00595 - 0.01605), b=3.09 (2.95 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  2.5   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.7; assuming tmax>3, fec > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 75.7 [56.7, 102.9] mg/100g; Iron = 2.21 [1.28, 3.67] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [16.1, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.553 [0.268, 1.150] g/100g; Selenium = 50 [21, 122] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.2 [4.8, 42.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.19 [0.77, 1.98] mg/100g (wet weight);